Korelasi Polusi Udara dengan Insiden Pneumonia Balita di DKI Jakarta pada Tahun 2017-2020
Keywords:
Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara, Pneumonia Balita, Jakarta
Abstract
Polusi udara di Jakarta meningkat setiap tahun bahkan berkontribusi besar terhadap kejadian pneumonia balita. Kasus pneumonia balita di Jakarta 2018 mencapai 42.305 dengan cakupan penemuan 95,53% kasus. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi pencemaran udara ambien dengan kejadian pneumonia balita pada tahun 2017 sampai 2020 di Jakarta. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan analisis time-trend ecologic study. Data Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara dikumpulkan dengan cara menghitung rata-rata bulanan dan data pneumonia berdasarkan data bulanan insidens pneumonia balita. Hasil uji korelasi, PM10, O3 dan CO berhubungan signifikan (p= 0,000), (p= 0,033) dan (p= 0,000) dengan insidens pneumonia balita. Sementara SO2 dan NO2 tidak berhubungan dengan insidens pneumonia balita di Jakarta tahun 2017-2020 (p= 0,979) dan (p=0,674). Kesimpulannya PM10, O3 dan CO berhubungan dengan insidens pneumonia balita. Sementara SO2 dan NO2 tidak berhubungan dengan insidens pneumonia balita di Jakarta tahun 2017-2020. Temuan ini mendukung alasan bahwa membatasi konsentrasi PM10 dan CO lebih lanjut di Jakarta merupakan strategi yang efektif untuk mengurangi insidens pneumonia balita.
References
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Brockmeyer, S. & D’Angiulli, A., 2016, ‘How Air Pollution Alters Brain Development: The Role of Neuroinflammation.’, Translational neuroscience, 7(1), 24–30.
Cheng, C.Y., Cheng, S.Y., Chen, C.C., Pan, H.Y., Wu, K.H. & Cheng, F.J., 2019, ‘Ambient air pollution is associated with pediatric pneumonia: A time-stratified case-crossover study in an urban area’, Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 18(1), 1–9.
Cilloniz, C., Martin-Loeches, I., Garcia-Vidal, C., Jose, A.S. & Torres, A., 2016, ‘Microbial etiology of pneumonia: Epidemiology, diagnosis and resistance patterns’, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(12).
Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2019, ‘Menuju Udara Bersih Jakarta’, Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Pemprov DKI Jakarta, vital strategies, 1–56.
Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi DKI Jakarta & Breathe Easy Jakarta, 2013, Jakarta Emissions Inventory, 1–4.
Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2010a, Rencana Strategis Dinas Perhubungan Provinsi DKI Jakarta Tahun 2017–2022.
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Donkelaar, A. van, Martin, R. V, Brauer, M., Hsu, N.C., Kahn, R.A., Levy, R.C., Lyapustin, A., Sayer, A.M. & Winker, D.M., 2016, ‘Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors’, Environmental Science & Technology, 50(7), 3762–3772.
Erdman, L.K., D’Acremont, V., Hayford, K., Rajwans, N., Kilowoko, M., Kyungu, E., Hongoa, P., Alamo, L., Streiner, D.L., Genton, B. & Kain, K.C., 2015, ‘Biomarkers of host response predict primary end-point radiological pneumonia in Tanzanian children with clinical pneumonia: A prospective cohort study’, PLoS ONE, 10(9), 1–18.
Fahimah, R., Kusumowardani, E. & Susanna, D., 2014, ‘Kualitas Udara Rumah dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Anak Bawah Lima Tahun (di Puskesmas Cimahi Selatan dan Leuwi Gajah Kota Cimahi)’, Makara Journal of Health Research, 18(1), 25–33.
Farisi;, F. Al, Budiyono; & Setiani, O., 2018, ‘Pengaruh Sulfur Dioksida (So2) Pada Udara Ambien Terhadap Risiko Kejadian Pneumonia Pada Balita’, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (e-Journal), 6(4), 438–446.
Firman;, U., Suradi;, Sunaryo; & Agus;, A., 2020, ‘Analisis Dampak Diterapkannya Kebijakan Working From Home Saat Pandemi COVID-19 Terhadap Kondisi Kualitas Udara Di Jakarta’, Jurnal Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, 6(3), 6–14.
Guo, Y., Li, S., Tawatsupa, B., Punnasiri, K., Jaakkola, J.J.K. & Williams, G., 2014, ‘The association between air pollution and mortality in Thailand’, Scientific Reports, 4, 1–8.
Hockenberry, M.J. & Wilson, D., 2013, Wong’s essentials of pediatric nursing 9: Wong’s essentials of pediatric nursing, Elsevier Health Sciences.
Johannes Andrée, B.P., 2020, ‘Incidence of COVID-19 and Connections with Air Pollution Exposure: Evidence from the Netherlands’, medRxiv, (April).
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2019, Profil Kesehatan Indonesia 2018 [Indonesia Health Statistic 2018].
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia, 2018, ‘Indeks Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia 2017’, 1–149.
Kusnoputranto, H., 2000, ‘Kesehatan lingkungan’, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, 211.
Mahalastri, N.N.D., 2014, ‘Hubungan antara pencemaran udara dalam ruang dengan kejadian pneumonia balita’, Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 2(3), 392–403.
Miranda, A.I., Valente, J., Costa, A.M., Lopes, M. & Borrego, C., 2014, Air pollution and health effects.
Moura M Junger WL, M.G.A.L.A.P., 2008, ‘Air quality and acute respiratory disorder in children.’
Mukono, H.J., 2008, Pencemaran udara dan pengaruhnya terhadap gangguan saluran pernapasan, Airlangga University Press.
Nascimento, T.V., 2015, ‘Air Pollutants and Hospitalization due to Pnemonia Among Children. An Ecological Time Series Study’, Sao Pulo Medicine Journal, 5, 413–418.
Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta, 2021, Profil Covid-19 di DKI Jakarta.
Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, 2018, ‘Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2018 tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan’, National Standardization Agency of Indonesia, 31–34.
Prabowo, K.B.M., 2018, Penyehatan Udara, 1st edn., Jakarta.
Sakti, E.S., 2012, ‘Tinjauan Tentang Kualitas Udara Ambien (NO2, SO2, Total Suspended Particulate) Terhadap Kejadian ISPA di Kota Bekasi Tahun 2001-2011’, (2), 1–134.
Satriyo, S., 2008, ‘Studi Kondisi Kimiawi Penyebaran Pb, Debu, dan Kebisingan di Kota Jakarta’, Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah Lembaga Penelitian Ubhara Jaya.
UNICEF, 2019, Levels & Trends in Child Mortality: Report 2019-Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.
utami tri Halimah & Rudatin, W., 2018, ‘Korelasi Meteorologi dan Kualitas Udara dengan Pneumonia Balita di Kota Semarang Tahun 2013-2018’, Higeia Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 1(3), 84–94.
Vieira, S.E., Stein, R.T., Ferraro, A.A., Pastro, L.D., Pedro, S.S.C., Lemos, M., Silva, E.R. da, Sly, P.D. & Saldiva, P.H., 2012, ‘Urban Air Pollutants are Significant Risk Factors for Asthma and Pneumonia in Children: The Influence of Location on the Measurement of Pollutants’, Archivos de Bronconeumologia, 48(11), 389–395.
WHO, 2003, Health effects of transport-related air pollution.
WHO, 2016, ‘Ambient air pollution: A global assessment of exposure and burden of disease’, 93.
WHO, 2018a, Air Pollution and Child Health, vol. 113.
WHO, 2018b, Air Pollution and Child Health, vol. 113.
World Health Organization; The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 2009, ‘Global Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Pneumonia (GAPP)’, 24.
Wu, X., Nethery, R.C., Sabath, M.B., Braun, D. & Dominici, F., 2020, ‘Exposure to Air Pollution and COVID-19 Mortality in the United States: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study’, medRxiv, (April).
Yuwono, 2008, Faktor-Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Pneumonia pada Anak Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kawunganten Kabupaten Cilacap – PhD thesis, Universitas Diponegoro.
Zhang, Y., Salam, M.T., Berhane, K., Eckel, S.P., Rappaport, E.B., Linn, W.S., Habre, R., Bastain, T.M. & Gilliland, F.D., 2017, ‘Genetic and epigenetic susceptibility of airway inflammation to PM (2.5) in school children: new insights from quantile regression.’, Environmental health: a global access science source, 16(1), 88.
Zulkarnain, R. & Ramadani, K.D., 2020a, ‘Kualitas Udara dan Potensi Transmisi Covid-19 di Pulau Jawa’, Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2020-Statistics in the New Normal: A Challenge of Big Data and Official Statistics, (2), 23–33.
Zulkarnain, R. & Ramadani, K.D., 2020b, ‘Kualitas Udara dan Potensi Transmisi Covid-19 di Pulau Jawa’, Seminar Nasional Official Statistics 2020-Statistics in the New Normal: A Challenge of Big Data and Official Statistics, (2), 23–33.
Published
2024-02-22
How to Cite
Munggaran, G., Kusnoputranto, H., & Ariyanto, J. (2024). Korelasi Polusi Udara dengan Insiden Pneumonia Balita di DKI Jakarta pada Tahun 2017-2020. urnal romotif reventif, 7(1), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v7i1.1071
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Gilang Anugerah Munggaran, Haryoto Kusnoputranto, Januar Ariyanto
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