Pengembangan Konten Edukasi dan Monitoring Self-Care Berbasis Aplikasi Smartphone Pasien Diabetes Mellitus: Studi Delphy
Keywords:
Edukasi, monitoring, aplikasi, diabetes mellitus, studi delphi
Abstract
Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah penyakit kronis yang dapat menimbulkan komplikasi serius jika tidak ditangani dengan baik. Untuk mendukung pengelolaannya, diperlukan media edukasi dan monitoring yang efektif. Inovasi berupa aplikasi digital menjadi solusi untuk menyediakan informasi dan pemantauan jarak jauh yang mudah diakses kapan saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan konten yang akan digunakan dalam aplikasi smartphone sebagai media edukasi dan monitoring self-care pasien DM. Metode penelitian menggunakan classic Delphi dan online Delphi dalam 3 ronde yang melibatkan 11 ahli yaitu perawat, dokter spesialis endokrin, dokter spesialis gizi klinik, peneliti, dan edukator di bidang diabetes. Hasil Delphi Ronde 1 didapatkan dari 7 menu utama dan 42 tema, 6 tema dikeluarkan, 3 judul tema direvisi, 2 tema dimodifikasi, 1 menu baru dan 7 tema baru. Pada Ronde 2 dari 12 tema yang diajukan kembali, sebanyak 11 tema mencapai konsensus >70%. Ronde 3 menghasilkan 8 menu utama dan 43 tema. Kesimpulan hasil delphi menunjukkan konten yang dibuat sudah melalui proses konsesus oleh para ahli dan siap digunakan dalam aplikasi sebagai media edukasi dan monitoring self-care pasien DM.
References
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Gordijn, S.J. et al. (2016) “Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure,” Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 48(3), hal. 333–339. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.15884.
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Harmsen, A.M.K. et al. (2015) “Protocol of the DENIM study: A Delphi-procedure on the identification of trauma patients in need of care by physician-staffed Mobile Medical Teams in the Netherlands,” Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 23(1), hal. 1–7. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0089-z.
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Krisnatuti, D., Yenrina, R. dan Rasjmida, D. (2014) Diet Sehat Untuk Penderita Diabetes Melitus. 1 ed. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
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Munaretto, L.F., Corrêa, H.L. dan Carneiro da Cunha, J.A. (2013) “Um estudo sobre as características do método Delphi e de grupo focal, como técnicas na obtenção de dados em pesquisas exploratórias,” Revista de Administração da UFSM, 6(1), hal. 9–24. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.5902/198346596243.
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Paper, O. et al. (2014) “A Mobile Health Intervention for Self-Management and Lifestyle Change for Persons With Type 2 Diabetes , Part 2 : One-Year Results From the Norwegian Randomized Controlled Trial Corresponding Author : Related Article :,” 2. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.3882.
PERKENI (2015) Konsensus Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia 2015. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
PERKENI (2021) Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Indoneisa 2021. Jakarta: PB PERKENI.
Ponzo, V. et al. (2017) “Self-reported adherence to diet and preferences towards type of meal plan in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study,” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 27(7), hal. 642–650. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.05.007.
Sami, W. et al. (2015) “Effect Of Diet Counseling On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(8), hal. 112–118.
Sri Marnianti Irnawan, Kadar, K. dan Sjattar, E.L. (2021) “Model Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Mobile Terhadap Kontrol Glikemik HbA1c Dan Self Care Manajemen Diabetes Mellitus,” 13, hal. 131–142.
Trevelyan, E.G. dan Robinson, N. (2015) “Delphi methodology in health research: How to do it?,” European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 7(4), hal. 423–428. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2015.07.002.
WHO (2020) “WHO recommendations on self-care interventions,” Human Reproduction Programme [Preprint].
WHO (2023) Classification of digital interventions , services and applications in health. World Health Organization. Tersedia pada: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240081949.
Yeh, J.S., Van Hoof, T.J. dan Fischer, M.A. (2016) “Key features of academic detailing: Development of an expert consensus using the Delphi method,” American Health and Drug Benefits, 9(1), hal. 42–49.
Zartha Sossa, J.W., Halal, W. dan Hernandez Zarta, R. (2019) “Delphi method: analysis of rounds, stakeholder and statistical indicators,” Foresight, 21(5), hal. 525–544. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-11-2018-0095.
American Diabetes Association (ADA). (2019) “2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019,” Diabetes Care, 42(Supplement_1), hal. S13–S28. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-S002.
Bunch, K.J. et al. (2018) “Developing a set of consensus indicators to support maternity service quality improvement: using Core Outcome Set methodology including a Delphi process,” BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 125(12), hal. 1612–1618. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15282.
Forouhi, N.G. et al. (2018) “Dietary and nutritional approaches for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes,” BMJ (Online), 361(June), hal. 1–9. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2234.
Gordijn, S.J. et al. (2016) “Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure,” Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 48(3), hal. 333–339. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.15884.
Gray, A. dan Threlkeld, R.J. (2019) Nutritional Recommendations for Individuals with Diabetes. MDText.com, Inc. Tersedia pada: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK279012/#.
Harmsen, A.M.K. et al. (2015) “Protocol of the DENIM study: A Delphi-procedure on the identification of trauma patients in need of care by physician-staffed Mobile Medical Teams in the Netherlands,” Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 23(1), hal. 1–7. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-015-0089-z.
IDF (2021) IDF Diabetes Atlas. International Diabetes Federation.
Keeney, S., Hasson, F. dan Mckenna, H. (2011) The Delphi Technique in Nursing and Health Research. Oxford UK: wiley-blackwel.
Kim, Y.J. et al. (2015) “A smartphone application significantly improved diabetes self-care activities with high user satisfaction,” Diabetes and Metabolism Journal, 39(3), hal. 207–217. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2015.39.3.207.
Krisnatuti, D., Yenrina, R. dan Rasjmida, D. (2014) Diet Sehat Untuk Penderita Diabetes Melitus. 1 ed. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya.
Kumar, B.A. dan Goundar, M.S. (2019) “Usability heuristics for mobile learning applications,” Education and Information Technologies, 24(2), hal. 1819–1833. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09860-z.
Kustanto, P., Ramadhan, B.K. dan Noe, A. (2025) “Penerapan Metode Prototype dalam Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif,” 5(1), hal. 83–94.
Marin-Penalver, J.J. et al. (2016) “Update on the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus,” World Journal of Diabetes, 7(17), hal. 354. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v7.i17.354.
Maryam et al. (2019) “Developing ‘Aryan:’ Diabetes Self‑care Mobile Application,” International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 8(July). Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_344_17.
Massaroli, A. et al. (2017) “The Delphi method as a methodological framework for research in nursing,” Texto e Contexto Enfermagem, 26(4), hal. 1–9. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-07072017001110017.
Miller, C.K. dan Bauman, J. (2014) “Goal setting: An integral component of effective diabetes care,” Current Diabetes Reports, 14(8). Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-014-0509-x.
Munaretto, L.F., Corrêa, H.L. dan Carneiro da Cunha, J.A. (2013) “Um estudo sobre as características do método Delphi e de grupo focal, como técnicas na obtenção de dados em pesquisas exploratórias,” Revista de Administração da UFSM, 6(1), hal. 9–24. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.5902/198346596243.
O’Donnell, M. et al. (2018) “Assessing the effectiveness of a goal-setting session as part of a structured group self-management education programme for people with type 2 diabetes,” Patient Education and Counseling, 101(12), hal. 2125–2133. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2018.07.009.
Paper, O. et al. (2014) “A Mobile Health Intervention for Self-Management and Lifestyle Change for Persons With Type 2 Diabetes , Part 2 : One-Year Results From the Norwegian Randomized Controlled Trial Corresponding Author : Related Article :,” 2. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.3882.
PERKENI (2015) Konsensus Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia 2015. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
PERKENI (2021) Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Indoneisa 2021. Jakarta: PB PERKENI.
Ponzo, V. et al. (2017) “Self-reported adherence to diet and preferences towards type of meal plan in patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A cross-sectional study,” Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 27(7), hal. 642–650. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2017.05.007.
Sami, W. et al. (2015) “Effect Of Diet Counseling On Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 4(8), hal. 112–118.
Sri Marnianti Irnawan, Kadar, K. dan Sjattar, E.L. (2021) “Model Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Mobile Terhadap Kontrol Glikemik HbA1c Dan Self Care Manajemen Diabetes Mellitus,” 13, hal. 131–142.
Trevelyan, E.G. dan Robinson, N. (2015) “Delphi methodology in health research: How to do it?,” European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 7(4), hal. 423–428. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2015.07.002.
WHO (2020) “WHO recommendations on self-care interventions,” Human Reproduction Programme [Preprint].
WHO (2023) Classification of digital interventions , services and applications in health. World Health Organization. Tersedia pada: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240081949.
Yeh, J.S., Van Hoof, T.J. dan Fischer, M.A. (2016) “Key features of academic detailing: Development of an expert consensus using the Delphi method,” American Health and Drug Benefits, 9(1), hal. 42–49.
Zartha Sossa, J.W., Halal, W. dan Hernandez Zarta, R. (2019) “Delphi method: analysis of rounds, stakeholder and statistical indicators,” Foresight, 21(5), hal. 525–544. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-11-2018-0095.
Published
2025-08-15
How to Cite
Irnawan, S., Kadang, Y., Kadar, K., & Sjattar, E. (2025). Pengembangan Konten Edukasi dan Monitoring Self-Care Berbasis Aplikasi Smartphone Pasien Diabetes Mellitus: Studi Delphy. urnal romotif reventif, 8(4), 699-713. https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v8i4.1914
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Marnianti Irnawan, Yulta Kadang, Kusrini Kadar, Elly Lilianty Sjattar
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