Penerapan Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Sebagai Kerangka Perencanaan Perubahan Perilaku Kesehatan: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematik Kuantitatif
Keywords:
Health Action Process Approach, perubahan perilaku, sistematis kuantitatif
Abstract
Perubahan perilaku kesehatan memerlukan pendekatan teoretis yang komprehensif agar intervensi yang diterapkan lebih terarah dan efektif. Salah satu model yang banyak digunakan adalah Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) yang membagi proses perubahan perilaku menjadi fase motivasional dan volisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mereview penerapa model HAPA dalam manajemen perubahan perilaku kesehatan. Systematic review ini mengikuti panduan PRISMA dan mencakup literatur dari PubMed, Scopus, Sage, dan Wiley Online, yang dipublikasikan antara 2020–2024. Strategi pencarian menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci spesifik dengan operator Boolean dan disesuaikan dengan karakteristik tiap basis data. Sebanyak 19 artikel kuantitatif yang menggunakan HAPA secara eksplisit dianalisis, meliputi desain studi, target perilaku, dan komponen HAPA yang diuji. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perilaku kesehatan yang menjadi target dalam penelitian ini cukup beragam, mencakup kepatuhan minum obat (n = 4), perilaku diet (n = 4), kebersihan mulut (n = 2), aktivitas fisik (n = 3), perilaku sedentari (n = 1), pencegahan influenza (n = 1), manajemen diri diabetes (n = 2), serta aktivasi perilaku pada individu dengan depresi (n = 2). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa HAPA memiliki sifat transdiagnostik dan adaptif terhadap berbagai jenis perilaku kesehatan, baik preventif maupun terapeutik.
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Mccleary, N., Ivers, N. M., Schwalm, J. D., Witteman, H. O., Taljaard, M., Desveaux, L., Bouck, Z., Grace, S. L., Natarajan, M. K., Grimshaw, J. M., & Presseau, J. (2020). Interventions Supporting Cardiac Rehabilitation Completion: Process Evaluation Investigating Theory-Based Mechanisms Of Action. Health Psychology, 39(12), 1048–1061. Https://Doi.Org/10.1037/HEA0000958,
Mei, J., Xie, Y., Huang, P., Jin, Y., Wang, X., & Chen, Y. (2025). The Effects Of HAPA Theory-Based Case Management In Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Annals Of Hepatology, 30(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.AOHEP.2025.101790
Moghaddam, F., Sargeran, K., Gholami, M., Jamali, J., & Shamshiri, A. R. (2025). Application Of Health Action Process Approach Model To Promote Toothbrushing Behavior Among Iranian Elderly Population: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Geriatrics, 25(1), 92. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12877-025-05761-8/FIGURES/2
Mueller-Weinitschke, C., Bengel, J., Baumeister, H., & Krämer, L. V. (2024). Effects Of A Web-Based Behavioral Activation Intervention On Depressive Symptoms, Activation, Motivation, And Volition: Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy And Psychosomatics, 92(6), 367–378. Https://Doi.Org/10.1159/000533679,
Neko, F. Z., Zeidi, I. M., Morshedi, H., Zeidi, B. M., Maleki, M. R., & Hajia, A. P. (2023). Effectiveness Of Theory-Based Intervention On Knowledge Level, Psychological Constructs, Metabolic Index And Physical Activity Status In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Application Of The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model. Clinical Diabetology, 12(5), 290–300. Https://Doi.Org/10.5603/Cd.96203
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Silva-Smith, A. L., Hanson, C. L., Neubeck, L., Rowat, A., & Mchale, S. (2024). Physical Activity Interventions Framed By The Health Action Process Approach For Adults With Long-Term Conditions: A Scoping Review. International Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 31(6), 987–1017. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12529-024-10305-2/TABLES/5
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Tian, X. H., Chen, X., & Jiang, G. F. (2023). Effects Of Comprehensive Care Measures Based On The HAPA Model On Self-Care, Neurotransmitters And Clinical Outcomes In Cerebral Infarction Patients. European Review For Medical And Pharmacological Sciences, 27(10), 4462–4470. Https://Doi.Org/10.26355/EURREV_202305_32452,
Wu, W., Hu, L., Chen, Y., Cao, F., Ding, S., Wu, T., & Xu, J. (2022). Effectiveness Of An Online Application Of The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Theory On Oral Hygiene Intervention In Young Adults With Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Oral Health, 22(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12903-022-02219-W,
Wu, Y., Yu, Z., Yin, X., Li, Y., Jiang, Y., Liu, G., & Sun, X. (2024). Explain The Behavior Change And Maintenance In Diabetic Patients Using MTM-HAPA Framework. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 15. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/FPSYT.2024.1497872/PDF
Yin, Y. H., Liu, J. Y. W., & Välimäki, M. (2023). Dietary Behaviour Change Intervention For Managing Sarcopenic Obesity Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1), 1–13. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12877-023-04327-W/TABLES/6
Zhang, C. Q., Zhang, R., Chung, P. K., Duan, Y., Lau, J. T. F., Chan, D. K. C., & Hagger, M. S. (2023). Promoting Influenza Prevention For Older Adults Using The Health Action Process Approach: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Applied Psychology: Health And Well-Being, 15(4), 1427–1445. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/APHW.12445;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
Asgari, S., Abbasi, M., Hamilton, K., Chen, Y.-P., Griffiths, M. D., Lin, C.-Y., & Pakpour, A. H. (2021). A Theory-Based Intervention to Promote Medication Adherence in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clinical Rheumatology, 40(1), 101–111. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10067-020-05224-Y)
Chen, Y., Tan, D., Xu, Y., Wang, B., Li, X., Cai, X., Li, M., Tang, C., Wu, Y., Shu, W., Zhang, G., Huang, J., Zhang, Y., Yan, Y., Liang, X., & Yu, S. (2020). Effects Of A HAPA-Based Multicomponent Intervention To Improve Self-Management Precursors Of Older Adults With Tuberculosis: A Community-Based Randomised Controlled Trial. Patient Education And Counseling, 103(2), 328–335. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.PEC.2019.09.007
De Fretes, F., Rambu Eka Putri, A., Pratiwi Elingsetyo Sanubari Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, T., & Kristen Satya Wacana, U. (2024). Medication Adherence Behavior Among Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) In West Sumba. Jurnal Keperawatan, 9(1), 13–25. Https://Doi.Org/10.32668/JKEP.V9I1.1201
Dianti, M. R., Nurmala, I., & Puspitasari, N. (2024). Examining Behavioural Determinants Among Caregivers Of Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Using The Human Action Process Framework. African Journal Of Reproductive Health, 28(10), 81–92. Https://Doi.Org/10.29063/AJRH2024/V28I10S.10,
Dillon, K., Rollo, S., & Prapavessis, H. (2022). A Combined Health Action Process Approach And Mhealth Intervention To Reduce Sedentary Behaviour In University Students–A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychology And Health, 37(6), 692–711. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/08870446.2021.1900574,
Godinho, C. A., Alvarez, M. J., & Lima, M. L. (2022). Formative Research On HAPA Model Determinants For Fruit And Vegetable Intake: Target Beliefs For Audiences At Different Stages Of Change. Health Education Research, 28(6), 1014–1028. Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Her/Cyt076
Kendu, Y. M., Qodir, A., & Apryanto, F. (2021). Hubungan Self-Efficacy Dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pendertia Hipertensi. Media Husada Journal Of Nursing Science, 2, 13–21. File:///E:/Hipertensi/26-Article Text-217-1-10-20210322.Pdf
Lestari, N. D., & Anisa, V. N. (2022). The Relationship Between Self Efficacy And Medication Adherence In Elderly With Hypertension. Bali Medical Journal, 11(3), 1660–1665. Https://Doi.Org/10.15562/BMJ.V11I3.3723
Maghsoodlo, M., Shakibazadeh, E., Barzin, M., Salimi, Y., Mokhtari, Z., & Yaseri, M. (2023). Covariates Of A Healthy Diet And Physical Activity Self-Management One Year After Bariatric Surgery: A Cross-Sectional Study. Plos ONE, 18(10 October). Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0287137,
Mccleary, N., Ivers, N. M., Schwalm, J. D., Witteman, H. O., Taljaard, M., Desveaux, L., Bouck, Z., Grace, S. L., Grimshaw, J. M., & Presseau, J. (2022). Impacts Of Two Behavior Change Interventions On Determinants Of Medication Adherence: Process Evaluation Applying The Health Action Process Approach And Habit Theory Alongside A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 45(5), 659–673. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S10865-022-00327-0/METRICS
Mccleary, N., Ivers, N. M., Schwalm, J. D., Witteman, H. O., Taljaard, M., Desveaux, L., Bouck, Z., Grace, S. L., Natarajan, M. K., Grimshaw, J. M., & Presseau, J. (2020). Interventions Supporting Cardiac Rehabilitation Completion: Process Evaluation Investigating Theory-Based Mechanisms Of Action. Health Psychology, 39(12), 1048–1061. Https://Doi.Org/10.1037/HEA0000958,
Mei, J., Xie, Y., Huang, P., Jin, Y., Wang, X., & Chen, Y. (2025). The Effects Of HAPA Theory-Based Case Management In Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. Annals Of Hepatology, 30(2). Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.AOHEP.2025.101790
Moghaddam, F., Sargeran, K., Gholami, M., Jamali, J., & Shamshiri, A. R. (2025). Application Of Health Action Process Approach Model To Promote Toothbrushing Behavior Among Iranian Elderly Population: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Geriatrics, 25(1), 92. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12877-025-05761-8/FIGURES/2
Mueller-Weinitschke, C., Bengel, J., Baumeister, H., & Krämer, L. V. (2024). Effects Of A Web-Based Behavioral Activation Intervention On Depressive Symptoms, Activation, Motivation, And Volition: Results Of A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy And Psychosomatics, 92(6), 367–378. Https://Doi.Org/10.1159/000533679,
Neko, F. Z., Zeidi, I. M., Morshedi, H., Zeidi, B. M., Maleki, M. R., & Hajia, A. P. (2023). Effectiveness Of Theory-Based Intervention On Knowledge Level, Psychological Constructs, Metabolic Index And Physical Activity Status In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Application Of The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Model. Clinical Diabetology, 12(5), 290–300. Https://Doi.Org/10.5603/Cd.96203
Okati-Aliabad, H., Ansari- Moghaddam, A., Roohafza, H., Mohammadi, M., Vakili, L., Abbasi, M., Heidari, H., Masoudy, G., Yazdekhasti, S., & Sadeghi, M. (2022). The Effects Of Comprehensive Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Versus Usual Care In Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease In Iran: Study Protocol For A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal Of Preventive Medicine, 13(1), 4. Https://Doi.Org/10.4103/IJPVM.IJPVM_492_20
Ouyang, R. G., Long, Y., Zhang, J. Q., & Cao, Z. (2023). Interventions For Improving Self-Efficacy In Patients After Stroke Based On Self-Efficacy-Related Principles Of Bandura’s Cognition Theory: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Topics In Stroke Rehabilitation, 30(8), 820–832. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/10749357.2023.2172832;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION
Parkinson, J., Hannan, T., Mcdonald, N., Moriarty, S., Nguyen, T. M., & Hamilton, K. (2023). Health Action Process Approach: Promoting Physical Activity, And Fruit And Vegetable Intake Among Australian Adults. Health Promotion International, 38(4). Https://Doi.Org/10.1093/Heapro/Daad095
Prasnantiawardani, A. A. S., & Devy, S. R. (2021). ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION PHASE OF THE HAPA THEORY (HEALTH ACTION PROCESS APPROACH) AND INTENTION TO EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING IN THE SIDOSERMO PRIMARY HEALTHCARE CENTER, SURABAYA. The Indonesian Journal Of Public Health, 16(3), 416–425. Https://Doi.Org/10.20473/IJPH.V16I3.2021.416-425
Ranjbaran, S., Shojaeizadeh, D., Dehdari, T., Yaseri, M., & Shakibazadeh, E. (2020). Determinants Of Medication Adherence Among Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Application Of Health Action Process Approach. Heliyon, 6(7). Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Heliyon.2020.E04442
Ranjbaran, S., Shojaeizadeh, D., Dehdari, T., Yaseri, M., & Shakibazadeh, E. (2022). The Effectiveness Of An Intervention Designed Based On Health Action Process Approach On Diet And Medication Adherence Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetology And Metabolic Syndrome, 14(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13098-021-00773-X,
Sidenko, Y. (2025). Self-Efficacy: Cognitive And Affective Aspects Of The Phenomenon. Psychological Journal, 14, 38–46. Https://Doi.Org/10.31499/2617-2100.14.2025.328729
Silva-Smith, A. L., Hanson, C. L., Neubeck, L., Rowat, A., & Mchale, S. (2024). Physical Activity Interventions Framed By The Health Action Process Approach For Adults With Long-Term Conditions: A Scoping Review. International Journal Of Behavioral Medicine, 31(6), 987–1017. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S12529-024-10305-2/TABLES/5
Sremanakova, J., Sowerbutts, A. M., Todd, C., Cooke, R., Pearce, L., Leiberman, D., Mclaughlin, J., Hill, J., Ashby, H., Ramesh, A., & Burden, S. (2024). Healthy Eating And Active Lifestyle After Bowel Cancer (HEAL ABC)—Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial. European Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 78(12). Https://Doi.Org/10.1038/S41430-024-01491-Z,
Tian, X. H., Chen, X., & Jiang, G. F. (2023). Effects Of Comprehensive Care Measures Based On The HAPA Model On Self-Care, Neurotransmitters And Clinical Outcomes In Cerebral Infarction Patients. European Review For Medical And Pharmacological Sciences, 27(10), 4462–4470. Https://Doi.Org/10.26355/EURREV_202305_32452,
Wu, W., Hu, L., Chen, Y., Cao, F., Ding, S., Wu, T., & Xu, J. (2022). Effectiveness Of An Online Application Of The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Theory On Oral Hygiene Intervention In Young Adults With Fixed Orthodontic Appliances: A Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Oral Health, 22(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12903-022-02219-W,
Wu, Y., Yu, Z., Yin, X., Li, Y., Jiang, Y., Liu, G., & Sun, X. (2024). Explain The Behavior Change And Maintenance In Diabetic Patients Using MTM-HAPA Framework. Frontiers In Psychiatry, 15. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/FPSYT.2024.1497872/PDF
Yin, Y. H., Liu, J. Y. W., & Välimäki, M. (2023). Dietary Behaviour Change Intervention For Managing Sarcopenic Obesity Among Community-Dwelling Older People: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1), 1–13. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12877-023-04327-W/TABLES/6
Zhang, C. Q., Zhang, R., Chung, P. K., Duan, Y., Lau, J. T. F., Chan, D. K. C., & Hagger, M. S. (2023). Promoting Influenza Prevention For Older Adults Using The Health Action Process Approach: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Applied Psychology: Health And Well-Being, 15(4), 1427–1445. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/APHW.12445;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
Published
2025-08-18
How to Cite
Ulfah, C., Asmaningrum, N., & Susanto, T. (2025). Penerapan Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Sebagai Kerangka Perencanaan Perubahan Perilaku Kesehatan: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematik Kuantitatif. urnal romotif reventif, 8(4), 841-855. https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v8i4.1937
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Copyright (c) 2025 Choiria Firdatul Ulfah, Nurfika Asmaningrum, Tantut Susanto
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