ASI dan MP-ASI dalam Pandangan Ibu Hamil Usia Muda: Studi Kualitatif di Kabupaten Buton Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, Indonesia

Devi Savitri Effendy

doi:10.47650/jpp.v8i3.1984

Devi Savitri Effendy Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Halu Oleo

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v8i3.1984

Keywords: ASI eksklusif, MP-ASI, ibu hamil usia muda, literasi gizi, norma sosial

Abstract

Air susu ibu (ASI) dan makanan pendamping ASI (MP-ASI) merupakan komponen penting dalam pemenuhan gizi bayi, terutama pada enam bulan pertama kehidupan. Namun, pada ibu hamil usia muda, pemahaman dan praktik pemberian ASI dan MP-ASI masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, khususnya di daerah dengan angka pernikahan dini yang tinggi seperti Kabupaten Buton Utara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pandangan dan rencana ibu hamil usia muda terkait ASI eksklusif dan MP-ASI dalam konteks sosial budaya lokal. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan desain fenomenologis yang melibatkan sepuluh ibu hamil berusia 19–22 tahun di Kecamatan Kulisusu yang diwawancarai secara mendalam menggunakan panduan semi-terstruktur. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan tematik dan in-vivo coding. Hasil menunjukkan lima tema utama: pemahaman yang beragam tentang ASI eksklusif dengan miskonsepsi umum, rencana pemberian ASI yang bervariasi, pengaruh kuat kebiasaan masyarakat terhadap praktik menyusui campuran, perencanaan MP-ASI yang lebih dipengaruhi faktor kepraktisan daripada pemahaman gizi, serta keterbatasan akses informasi formal dan dominasi sumber informal. Diperlukan intervensi edukatif yang kontekstual, penguatan kapasitas tenaga kesehatan, dan pendekatan berbasis komunitas serta norma sosial untuk meningkatkan literasi dan praktik pemberian makan bayi.

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