Determinan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur: Analisis Data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023
Keywords:
stunting, balita, Nusa Tenggara Timur, SKI 2023
Abstract
Meskipun prevalensi stunting nasional menunjukkan tren penurunan, NTT tetap menjadi salah satu provinsi dengan angka tertinggi di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Provinsi NTT berdasarkan data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional berbasis data sekunder SKI 2023 dengan total sampel 3.449 anak usia 0-59 bulan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan complex samples. Uji bivariat dengan chi-square (p < 0,05) diikuti analisis regresi logistik multivariat untuk variabel dengan p < 0,25. Hasil disajikan dalam Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) dan 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Prevalensi stunting di NTT sebesar 32,5%. Faktor signifikan yang berhubungan dengan stunting meliputi usia anak, dengan risiko tertinggi pada usia 36–47 bulan (AOR = 3,014; p < 0,001), jenis kelamin laki-laki (AOR = 1,294; 95% CI: 1,095–1,528; p = 0,003), berat lahir <2.500 gram (AOR = 1,762; p < 0,001), pendidikan ibu rendah (SD: AOR = 1,601; SMP: AOR = 1,888; p < 0,001), status gizi ibu kurang (LILA <23 cm) (AOR = 1,309; p < 0,001), tinggi badan ibu <150 cm (AOR = 1,964; p < 0,001), dan tempat tinggal di pedesaan (AOR = 1,905; p < 0,001). Kesimpulannya, stunting di NTT dipengaruhi oleh faktor biologis dan sosial. Intervensi multisektoral yang berfokus pada peningkatan gizi ibu dan anak serta prioritas wilayah pedesaan diperlukan untuk percepatan penurunan prevalensi stunting.
References
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Quamme, S.H. dan Iversen, P.O. (2022) “Prevalence of child stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa and its risk factors,” Clinical Nutrition Open Science, 42, hal. 49–61. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2022.01.009.
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Sserwanja, Quraish et al. (2021) “Rural and Urban Correlates of Stunting Among Under-Five Children in Sierra Leone: A 2019 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey,” Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, 14, hal. 11786388211047056. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388211047056.
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Tadesse, S.E. et al. (2023) “Urban-rural disparity in stunting among Ethiopian children aged 6-59 months old: A multivariate decomposition analysis of 2019 Mini-EDHS.,” PloS one, 18(4), hal. e0284382. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284382.
Takele, B.A., Gezie, L.D. dan Alamneh, T.S. (2022) “Pooled prevalence of stunting and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Sub-Saharan Africa countries: A Bayesian multilevel approach,” PLOS ONE, 17(10), hal. e0275889. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275889.
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WHO (2015) “Stunting in a nutshell,” World Health Organization [Preprint].
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Zhu, W. et al. (2021) “Urban–Rural Disparities in the Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting among Children under Five in Tanzania: Based on Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys 1991–2016,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105184.
Akombi, B.J. et al. (2017) “Stunting, Wasting and Underweight in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080863.
BAPPENAS (2020) “Rencana PembangunanJangka Menengah Nasional(RPJMN) 2020-2024,” National Mid-Term Development Plan 2020-2024, hal. 313. Tersedia pada: https://www.bappenas.go.id/id/data-dan...dan.../rpjmn-2015-2019/.
Berhe, K. et al. (2019) “Risk factors of stunting (chronic undernutrition) of children aged 6 to 24 months in Mekelle City, Tigray Region, North Ethiopia: An unmatched case-control study,” PLOS ONE, 14(6), hal. e0217736. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217736.
Custodio, E. et al. (2019) “Children’s dietary diversity and related factors in Rwanda and Burundi: A multilevel analysis using 2010 Demographic and Health Surveys,” PLOS ONE, 14(10), hal. e0223237. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223237.
Fenta, H.M. et al. (2020) “Determinants of stunting among under-five years children in Ethiopia from the 2016 Ethiopia demographic and Health Survey: Application of ordinal logistic regression model using complex sampling designs,” Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8(2), hal. 404–413. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2019.09.011.
Halli, S.S., Biradar, R.A. dan Prasad, J.B. (2022) “Low Birth Weight, the Differentiating Risk Factor for Stunting among Preschool Children in India,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7). Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073751.
Haque, M.A. et al. (2021) “Determinants of maternal low mid-upper arm circumference and its association with child nutritional status among poor and very poor households in rural Bangladesh,” Maternal and Child Nutrition, 17(4), hal. 1–12. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13217.
Kalinda, C. et al. (2023) “Understanding factors associated with rural-urban disparities of stunting among under-five children in Rwanda: A decomposition analysis approach,” Maternal and Child Nutrition, 19(3). Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.13511.
Kementerian Kesehatan RI (2021) “Buku Saku Hasil Studi Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tingkat Nasional, Provinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2021.”
Kpewou, D.E. et al. (2020) “Maternal mid-upper arm circumference during pregnancy and linear growth among Cambodian infants during the first months of life,” Maternal and Child Nutrition, 16(S2), hal. 1–11. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12951.
Kusumajaya, A.A. et al. (2023) “Sociodemographic and Healthcare Factors Associated with Stunting in Children Aged 6–59 Months in the Urban Area of Bali Province, Indonesia 2018,” Nutrients. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020389.
Laksono, A.D. et al. (2022) “Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter?,” PLOS ONE, 17(7), hal. e0271509. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271509.
Mulyaningsih, T. et al. (2021) “Beyond personal factors: Multilevel determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia,” PLoS ONE, 16(11 November), hal. 1–19. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260265.
Nigusu, D., Kemal, F. dan Betela, B. (2019) “Determinants of Malnutrition among under-five Children: A Case of ARSI Zone Selected Woredas in Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia,” Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 28(8), hal. 1–11. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2018/45479.
Nshimyiryo, A. et al. (2019) “Risk factors for stunting among children under five years: A cross-sectional population-based study in Rwanda using the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey,” BMC Public Health, 19(1), hal. 1–10. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6504-z.
Osborne, A. et al. (2025) “Trends and inequalities in stunting and underweight among children aged 0–59 months in Ghana, 1993–2022,” International Journal for Equity in Health, 24(1), hal. 168. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-025-02519-x.
Picauly, I. et al. (2024) “Determinants of child stunting in the dryland area of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia: insights from a national-level survey.,” Journal of medicine and life, 17(2), hal. 147–156. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2023-0313.
Quamme, S.H. dan Iversen, P.O. (2022) “Prevalence of child stunting in Sub-Saharan Africa and its risk factors,” Clinical Nutrition Open Science, 42, hal. 49–61. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutos.2022.01.009.
Rahayuwati, L. et al. (2023) “The Influence of Mother’s Employment, Family Income, and Expenditure on Stunting Among Children Under Five: A Cross-Sectional Study in Indonesia,” Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 16(August), hal. 2271–2278. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S417749.
Riskesdas (2018) “Riskesdas 2018,” Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes, hal. hal 156.
Siramaneerat, I. et al. (2024) “Examining determinants of stunting in Urban and Rural Indonesian: a multilevel analysis using the population-based Indonesian family life survey (IFLS),” BMC Public Health, 24(1), hal. 1371. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18824-z.
SKI (2023) Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 Dalam Angka.
Soliman, A. et al. (2021) “Early and long-term consequences of nutritional stunting: From childhood to adulthood,” Acta Biomedica, 92(1), hal. 1–12. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92i1.11346.
Sserwanja, Quraish et al. (2021) “Rural and Urban Correlates of Stunting Among Under-Five Children in Sierra Leone: A 2019 Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey,” Nutrition and Metabolic Insights, 14, hal. 11786388211047056. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1177/11786388211047056.
Suratri, M.A.L. et al. (2023) “Risk Factors for Stunting among Children under Five Years in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021640.
Tadesse, S.E. et al. (2023) “Urban-rural disparity in stunting among Ethiopian children aged 6-59 months old: A multivariate decomposition analysis of 2019 Mini-EDHS.,” PloS one, 18(4), hal. e0284382. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284382.
Takele, B.A., Gezie, L.D. dan Alamneh, T.S. (2022) “Pooled prevalence of stunting and associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Sub-Saharan Africa countries: A Bayesian multilevel approach,” PLOS ONE, 17(10), hal. e0275889. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275889.
Thompson, A.L. et al. (2024) “Are boys more vulnerable to stunting? Examining risk factors, differential sensitivity, and measurement issues in Zambian infants and young children,” BMC Public Health, 24(1), hal. 3338. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20826-w.
Togatorop, V.E. et al. (2024) “Stunting predictors among children aged 0-24 months in Southeast Asia: a scoping review,” Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 77(2), hal. 1–13. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0625.
Wand, H. et al. (2024) “Preventing Stunting in South African Children Under 5: Evaluating the Combined Impacts of Maternal Characteristics and Low Socioeconomic Conditions.,” Journal of prevention (2022), 45(3), hal. 339–355. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-024-00766-2.
WHO (2015) “Stunting in a nutshell,” World Health Organization [Preprint].
Yulia, C. et al. (2024) “Reflections of well-being: navigating body image, chronic energy deficiency, and nutritional intake among urban and rural adolescents.,” Frontiers in nutrition, 11, hal. 1346929. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1346929.
Zhu, W. et al. (2021) “Urban–Rural Disparities in the Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting among Children under Five in Tanzania: Based on Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys 1991–2016,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105184.
Published
2025-12-14
How to Cite
Tanesib, A., & Kusumayati, A. (2025). Determinan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur: Analisis Data Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. urnal romotif reventif, 8(6), 1542-1554. https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v8i6.2121
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Amran Julianto Tanesib, Agustin Kusumayati
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