Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Pada Remaja Usia 15-23 Tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Dungaliyo, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Keywords:
hipertensi, remaja, faktor risiko
Abstract
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan global, termasuk pada kelompok usia remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan hipertensi pada remaja usia 15-23 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Dungaliyo Kabupaten Gorontalo, menggunakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional study. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner, lembar observasi dan tensi meter. Sampel sebanyak 262 remaja diperoleh menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-Square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 13 faktor memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian hipertensi (p < 0,05), yaitu faktor genetik, jenis kelamin, IMT (berat badan lebih), pola makan, aktivitas fisik, merokok, konsumsi alkohol, akses layanan kesehatan, kualitas tidur, peran petugas kesehatan, teman sebaya, pengetahuan remaja, serta akses makanan sehat. Faktor paling dominan adalah peran petugas kesehatan OR/Exp(B) = 0.499; p-value = 0,021. Penelitian ini menekankan perlunya upaya promotif dan preventif melalui edukasi pola hidup sehat, peningkatan aktivitas fisik, serta skrining kesehatan berkala oleh petugas kesehatan di puskesmas, posyandu dan sekolah guna menurunkan risiko hipertensi sejak usia remaja.
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Sugiharto, dkk 2006; Ericka, et al, 2008; WHO, 2001; Iyalomhe, et al, 2010. (2007). Faktor-faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Masyarakat (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Karanganyar).
Suryawan, Z. F. 2018. Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Hipertensi Pada Remaja.
Syah, M. N. H., Wahyuningsih, U., Ardiansyah, S., & Asrullah, M. 2020. Hypertension and Related Factors Among Female Students At Vocational High School Bekasi, Indonesia. Media Gizi Indonesia, 15(3), 219. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v15i3.219-224
Trista, N., & Sofianita, N. 2024. Hubungan riwayat hipertensi keluarga, status gizi, asupan natrium, aktivitas fisik, dan tingkat stres dengan tekanan darah remaja SMAS Islam Terpadu Rafflesia. Skripsi, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. https://repository.upnvj.ac.id/32931/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
Wang, H., et al. 2020. Parental hypertension and risk of hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents: a national survey. Pediatric Nephrology, 35(10), 1843–1851.DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04580-2
Widyasari, N. 2021. Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi pada Remaja di Indonesia, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. https://doi.org/10.56951/medicinus.v34i2.75.
World Health Organization. 2020. Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. Geneva: WHO Press. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103637
World Health Organization.2020. Global Youth Tobacco Survey: Core Questionnaire with Optional Questions. Geneva: WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240001064
WHO. 2020. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health.
Zhang, Y., Li, J., & Wang, X. 2017. The role of family history in adolescent hypertension. Hypertension Research, 40(9), 850-855. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2017.45
Angesti, A. N., Triyanti, T., & Sartika, R. A. D. 2018. Riwayat Hipertensi Keluarga Sebagai Faktor Dominan Hipertensi pada Remaja Kelas XI SMA Sejahtera 1 Depok Tahun 2017. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 46(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v46i1.41
Berliana, N., Listiawaty, R. 2020. Behavioral Risk Factors in Prevention of Hypertension Among Adolescent. Journal of Global Research in Public Health, 5(2): 210–216
Cappuccio, F. P., Cooper, D., D’Elia, L., Strazzullo, P., & Miller, M. A. (2011). Sleep duration predicts cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. *European Heart Journal, 32*(12), 1484–1492. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehr007
Christofaro DGD, Mesas AE, Ritti Dias RM, Fernandes RA, Saraiva BTC, Palma MR, Silva DAS, de Andrade SM. Association between hypertension in adolescents and the health risk factors of their parents: an epidemiological family study. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2018 Mar;12(3):182-189. doi: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.12.011. Epub 2018 Jan 2. PMID: 29361430.
Chen, M., Liu, J., Fan, M., Li, B., Ren, Y., & Xu, S. 2024. Association of alcohol consumption with hypertension or prehypertension in Chinese adolescents: A cohort study of the China Health and Nutrition Survey. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 26(5), 512–523. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14895
Choi, Y.J., Jung, H., Kim, M., et al. 2021. Physical activity and the risk of hypertension in adolescents: A nationwide population-based study in Korea. Pediatric Research, 89(4), 916–922. DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01140-0
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo (2023). Profil Kesehatan Dinas kesehatan Provinsi Gorontalo
Ewald DR, Haldeman PhD LA. Risk Factors in Adolescent Hypertension. Glob Pediatr Health. 2016. doi: 10.1177/2333794X15625159.
Falkner B. Hypertension in children and adolescents: epidemiology and natural history. Pediatr Nephrol. 2010 Jul;25(7):1219-24. doi: 10.1007/s00467-009-1200-3.
Gangwisch, J. E., Heymsfield, S. B., Boden-Albala, B. et.al, 2006. Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypertension: Analyses of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Hypertension, 47(5), 833–839. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000217362.34748.e0
Green, L. W., & Kreuter, M. W. 1980. Health education planning: A diagnostic approach. Mayfield Publishing Company. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ PRECEDE%E2%80%93PROCEED_model
Kusparlina, E. P. 2022. Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Hipertensi pada Remaja. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes, 13(7): 124–131.
Kurnianingtyas, B. F., Suyatno, Kartasurya, M. I. 2017. Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hipertensi pada Siswa SMA di Kota Semarang Tahun 2016. JKM (Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat), 5(2): 2356-3346.
Lawalata, I. V., Talarima, B., Subagiyo, B. A. A. 2023. Determinan Hipertensi pada Usia Remaja dan Dewasa (18-44 tahun) di Puskesmas Karang Panjang Kota Ambon.
Martinez, M., Lopez, D., & Sanchez, R. 2018. Dietary sodium intake and hypertension risk in adolescents. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 108(5), 1121-1127. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy148
Nawi, A. M., Mohammad, Z., Jetly, K., et al. 2021. The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension among the Urban Population in Southeast Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. International Journal of Hypertension, 2021, 6657003. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657003
Notoatmodjo, S. 2012. Promosi kesehatan dan perilaku kesehatan. Rineka Cipta.
Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. 2015. Exercise as medicine – evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25(S3), 1-72. Wiley. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581
Puskesmas Dungaliyo 2024. Profil Kesehatan puskesmas Dungaliyo Kabupaten Gorontalo.
Shaumi, N. R. F., & Achmad, E. K. 2019. Kajian Literatur: Faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Remaja di Indonesia. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 29(2), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.22435/ mpk.v29i2.1106repository.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id+1Medicinus+1
Smith, A. L., Johnson, R. M., & Lee, K. J. 2021. Obesity and hypertension risk in adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 35(2), 125–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2020.09.005
Siswidiasari, Arifani; Prasetya, Didik Yuni; Lambert, Maringan. 2021. Pengaruh alkohol terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada remaja di Puskesmas Tompe Kabupaten Donggala. Java Health Journal, 8(2), 414. DOI: 10.1210/jhj.v8i2.414
Siswanto, Y., & Lestari, I. P. 2020. StatusGizi Dan Merokok Sebagai Determinan Kejadian Nutritional Status and Smoking As Determinant Events of Hypertension in Adolescents. Jurnal Ilmiah Permas: Jurnal Ilmiah STIKES Kendal, 10(2), 177–184
Siswanto, Y., Widyawati, S. A., Wijaya, A. A., Salfana, B. D., Karlina. 2020. Hipertensi pada Remaja di Kabupaten Semarang. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 1(1): 11–17.
Sudikno, S., Mubasyiroh, R., Rachmalina, R., Arlines, P. P., Puspita, T. 2023. Prevalence and Associated Factors for Prehypertension and Hypertension Among Indonesian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Community Survey. BMJ Open, 13(3): 1–13.
Sugiharto, dkk 2006; Ericka, et al, 2008; WHO, 2001; Iyalomhe, et al, 2010. (2007). Faktor-faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Masyarakat (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Karanganyar).
Suryawan, Z. F. 2018. Analisis Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Hipertensi Pada Remaja.
Syah, M. N. H., Wahyuningsih, U., Ardiansyah, S., & Asrullah, M. 2020. Hypertension and Related Factors Among Female Students At Vocational High School Bekasi, Indonesia. Media Gizi Indonesia, 15(3), 219. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v15i3.219-224
Trista, N., & Sofianita, N. 2024. Hubungan riwayat hipertensi keluarga, status gizi, asupan natrium, aktivitas fisik, dan tingkat stres dengan tekanan darah remaja SMAS Islam Terpadu Rafflesia. Skripsi, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta. https://repository.upnvj.ac.id/32931/?utm_source=chatgpt.com.
Wang, H., et al. 2020. Parental hypertension and risk of hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents: a national survey. Pediatric Nephrology, 35(10), 1843–1851.DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04580-2
Widyasari, N. 2021. Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Kejadian Hipertensi pada Remaja di Indonesia, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. https://doi.org/10.56951/medicinus.v34i2.75.
World Health Organization. 2020. Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. Geneva: WHO Press. DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103637
World Health Organization.2020. Global Youth Tobacco Survey: Core Questionnaire with Optional Questions. Geneva: WHO. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240001064
WHO. 2020. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health.
Zhang, Y., Li, J., & Wang, X. 2017. The role of family history in adolescent hypertension. Hypertension Research, 40(9), 850-855. https://doi.org/10.1038/hr.2017.45
Published
2025-12-16
How to Cite
Polapa, N., Jusuf, M., Lamangantjo, C., & Kasim, V. (2025). Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Pada Remaja Usia 15-23 Tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Dungaliyo, Gorontalo, Indonesia. urnal romotif reventif, 8(6), 1680-1693. https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v8i6.2440
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Noval Y. DJ. Polapa, Muhammad Isman Jusuf, Chairunnisah J. Lamangantjo, Vivien Novarina A. Kasim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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