Determinants of Chronic Energy Deficiency among Pregnant Women in Stunting-Endemic Communities of South Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Irma Irma; Sugirah Nour Rahman; Hasra Ryska; Jihan Fadhilah Arsyad

doi:10.47650/jpp.v9i3.2660

Irma Irma Prodi Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu keolahragaan dan Kesehatan, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
Sugirah Nour Rahman Prodi Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lampung, Lampung Indonesia
Hasra Ryska Prodi Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo, Palopo, Indonesia
Jihan Fadhilah Arsyad Prodi Gizi, Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo, Palopo, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v9i3.2660

Keywords: Chronic Energy Deficiency, pregnant women, stunting-endemic area, risk factors, antenatal care

Abstract

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) among pregnant women remains a major public health problem because it increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and child stunting. Evidence on factors associated with CED in stunting-endemic areas is still limited. This study aimed to identify determinants of CED among pregnant women in stunting-endemic communities of Bone Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 209 pregnant women from 40 stunting-focus villages using a total sampling approach. CED was defined as a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of <23.5 cm. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of CED was 29.7%. Factors significantly associated with CED were age of the last child (AOR=4.53; 95% CI: 1.46–14.38), ANC utilization (AOR=3.81; 95% CI: 2.69–5.66), pregnancy spacing (AOR=5.36; 95% CI: 2.53–11.37), household smoking history (AOR=4.63; 95% CI: 2.35–9.14), and family income (AOR=4.82; 95% CI: 2.31–9.53). Pregnancy spacing was the strongest determinant. CED remains common among pregnant women in stunting-endemic areas. Strengthening family planning, improving ANC utilization, promoting smoke-free households, and supporting low-income families are essential to improve maternal nutrition and support stunting prevention.

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