Kejadian Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies (GHPR) di Kabupaten Luwu Timur dan Faktor Risikonya
Keywords:
GHPR, umur, pendidikan, pemeliharaan, provokasi, vaksinasi
Abstract
Rabies merupakan salah satu jenis penyakit infeksi yang sangat berbahaya, karena sampai hari ini belum terdapat obat yang secara efektif dapat mengobatinya. Hampir seluruh kasus rabies berakhir dengan kematian (CFR hampir 100%) dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Penyakit rabies ditularkan melalui gigitan hewan penular rabies (GHPR). Anjing dan Kucing merupakan jenis hewan penular rabies (HPR) yang bertanggung jawab terhadap lebih dari 90% semua gigitan hewan yang dilaporkan di seluruh dunia, dan diperkirakan lebih dari 10 juta orang menjadi korban dan menerima perawatan setiap tahunnya karena gigitan hewan penular rabies (GHPR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian GHPR. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode analitik observasional, desain cross sectional study. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Luwu Timur dengan populasi seluruh kasus gigitan hewan penular rabies. Sampel diperoleh dengan teknik multistage sampling sebanyak 63 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Data diolah dan diuji secara bivariat dan multivariat. Penelitian menemukan kelompok umur, tingkat pendidikan, pemeliharaan HPR, provokasi HPR, dan vaksinasi HPR merupakan faktor risiko kejadian gigitan hewan penular rabies (GHPR), sedangkan jenis kelamin dan jenis pekerjaan responden tidak menjadi faktor risiko kejadian gigitan hewan penular rabies (GHPR). Diantara semua faktor risiko, faktor provokasi HPR merupakan faktor yang paling berisiko terhadap kejadian gigitan hewan penular rabies (GHPR) di Kabupaten Luwu Timur.
References
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Ganasva A, Bariya B, Modi M, Shringarpure K. Perceptions and treatment seeking behaviour of dog bite patients attending regional tertiary care hospital of central Gujarat, India. J Res Med Dent Sci. 2015;3(1):60.
Khazaei S, Karami M, Veisani Y, Solgi M, Goodarzi S. Epidemiology of Animal Bites and Associated Factors with Delay in Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; A Cross-Sectional Study. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2018;6(3):239–44.
Ellis R, Ellis C. Dog and Cat Bites (corrected version). Am Fam Physician [Internet]. 2014;https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0815/p239.html. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0815/p239.html
Venkatesan M, Dongre A, Ganapathy K. A Community based cross sectional study of dog bites in children in a rural district of Tamil Nadu. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 2017;6(1):109.
Janatolmakan M, Delpak M, Abdi A, Mohamadi S, Andayeshgar B, Khatony A. Epidemiological study on animal bite cases referred to Haji Daii health Center in Kermanshah province, Iran during 2013-2017. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–8.
Karimi A, Karimi B, Karimifard A, Taherimotlagh N, Kasraei A, Yandarani M, et al. Epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Abadeh district of central Iran from 2012 to 2018: A cross-sectional study. J Acute Dis. 2019;8(6):265.
Matthias J, Templin M, Jordan MM, Stanek D. Cause, setting and ownership analysis of dog bites in Bay County, Florida from 2009 to 2010. Zoonoses Public Health. 2015;62(1):38–43.
Riabi HRA, Ghorbannia R, Mazlum SB, Atarodi A. A Three-year (2011–2013) Surveillance on Animal Bites and Victims Vaccination in the South of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province, Iran. J Clin diagnostic Res JCDR. 2015;9(12):LC01.
Tarantola A. Four thousand years of concepts relating to rabies in animals and humans, its prevention and its cure. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2017;2(2).
Gholami A, Fayaz A, Farahtaj F. Rabies in Iran: Past, Present and Future. J Med Microbiol Infec Dis [Internet]. 2014;2(1):1–10. Available from: http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir
Liu Q, Wang X, Liu B, Gong Y, Mkandawire N, Li W, et al. Improper wound treatment and delay of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis of animal bite victims in China: Prevalence and determinants. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(7):1–14.
Sarbazi E, Sarbazi M, Ghaffari-Fam S, Babazadeh T, Heidari S, Aghakarimi K, et al. Factors related to delay in initiating post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies prevention among animal bite victims: a cross-sectional study in Northwest of Iran. Bull Emerg trauma. 2020;8(4):236–42.
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Gebru G, Romha G, Asefa A, Hadush H, Biedemariam M. Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of human rabies exposure in northwestern tigray, ethiopia. Ann Glob Heal. 2019;85(1):1–12.
Kustiningsih H, Kurnadi A. Kasus Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies di Kecamatan Nyalindung Kabupaten Sukabumi Tahun 2018. J AgroSainTa. 2019;3(1):35–46.
Samiee-Roudi K, Soltani M. Pattern of animal bites and factors associated with delay in postexposure prophylaxis in bitten people. Chronic Dis J [Internet]. 2018;6(4):171–8. Available from: https://ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20193398386&site=ehost-live&scope=site%0Ahttps://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20193398386%0Aht
Byrnes H, Britton A, Bhutia T. Eliminating dog-mediated rabies in Sikkim, India: A 10-year pathway to success for the SARAH program. Front Vet Sci. 2017;4(MAR):1–6.
Benavides JA, Megid J, Campos A, Rocha S, Vigilato MAN, Hampson K. An evaluation of Brazil’s surveillance and prophylaxis of canine rabies between 2008 and 2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(8):1–16.
WHO. Weekly epidemiological record. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper - April 2018. World Heal Organ - Tech Rep Ser [Internet]. 2018;931(931):201–20. Available from: http://www.who.int/wer
Chen F, Liu Q, Jiang Q, Shi J, Luba TR, Hundera AD, et al. Risk of human exposure to animal bites in China: a clinic-based cross-sectional study. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2019;1452(1):78–87.
Kemenkes R.I. Buku saku petunjuk teknis penatalaksanaan kasus gigitan hewan penular rabies di Indonesia. 2016;53(9):1689–99.
Purnamasari L, Putra KAD. Pengendalian dan Manajemen Rabies pada Manusia di Area Endemik. Cermin Dunia Kedokt [Internet]. 2017;44(1):66–9. Available from: http://www.kalbemed.com/Portals/6/21_24CPD-8Pengendalian dan Manajemen Rabies pada Manusia.pdf
Pujana, I Wayan, Uliantara GA. &, Sukerni NM. Oral Presentation ( OH-1 ) Tatalaksana Kasus Gigitan Terpadu : Implementasi Pendekatan One Health dalam Tatalaksana Kasus Gigitan yang Cost Effective. Proc 20th FAVA Congr 15th KIVNAS PDHI. 2018;1(3):483–5.
Ramos JM, Melendez N, Reyes F, Gudiso G, Biru D, Fano G, et al. Epidemiology of animal bites and other potential rabies exposures and anti-rabies vaccine utilization in a rural area in Southern Ethiopia. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2015;22(1):76–9.
Julien DA, Sargeant JM, Filejski C, Harper SL. Ouch! A cross-sectional study investigating self-reported human exposure to dog bites in rural and urban households in southern Ontario, Canada. Zoonoses Public Health. 2020;67(5):554–65.
Muthunuwan JT, Ganhewa AGKH, Perera HDSG, Hishaam M, Bandara WMMS, Gunasekera HAKM. Preliminary survey on knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding rabies. Sri Lankan J Infect Dis. 2017;7(1):38.
Soyam GC, Masare MS, Soyam VC, Divekar SS, Hiwarkar PA. Study of Category III Animal Bite in Anti-Rabies Vaccination Centre at Tertiary Care Hospital, India. Int J Heal Sci Res. 2018;8(6):25–9.
Bashir K, Haq I, Muhammad Salim Khan S, Qurieshi MA. One-year descriptive analysis of patients treated at an anti-rabies clinic—a retrospective study from Kashmir. PLoS Negl Trop Dis [Internet]. 2020;14(8):1–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007477
Kemenkes.RI. 8 Dari 34 Provinsi di Indonesia Bebas Rabies [Internet]. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 19]. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/20092900001/8-dari-34-provinsi-di-indonesia-bebas-rabies.html
Salomao C, Nacima A, Cuamba L, Gujral L, Amiel O, Baltazar C, et al. Epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors for human rabies and animal bites during an outbreak of rabies in Maputo and Matola cities, Mozambique, 2014: Implications for public health interventions for rabies control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(7):1–16.
Dinkes.Sulsel. Situasi Rabies Di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Makassar; 2020.
Dinkes.Lutim. Situasi Rabies di Kabupaten Luwu Timur. Malili; 2020.
Notoatmodjo S. Metode Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta: PT. Rineke Cipta; 2010. 126–129 p.
Sopi IIPB, Mau F. Distribusi Kasus Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies ( Hpr ) Dan Kasus Rabies Di Kabupaten Ngada , The Distribution of Cases of Rabies- Transmitting Animal ’ s ( R TA ) Bites and Cases of Rabies in Ngada District , East Nusa Tenggara Province. J Ekol Kesehat. 2013;12(3):206–12.
Dehghani R, Sharif A, Madani M, Kashani HH, Sharif MR. Factors Influencing Animal Bites in Iran: A Descriptive Study. Osong Public Heal Res Perspect [Internet]. 2016;7(4):273–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.06.004
Rothe K, Tsokos M, Handrick W. Animal and Human Bite Wounds. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015;112(25):433–43.
Touré G, Angoulangouli G, Méningaud J-P. Epidemiology and classification of dog bite injuries to the face: A prospective study of 108 patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthetic Surg. 2015;68(5):654–8.
Ganasva A, Bariya B, Modi M, Shringarpure K. Perceptions and treatment seeking behaviour of dog bite patients attending regional tertiary care hospital of central Gujarat, India. J Res Med Dent Sci. 2015;3(1):60.
Khazaei S, Karami M, Veisani Y, Solgi M, Goodarzi S. Epidemiology of Animal Bites and Associated Factors with Delay in Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; A Cross-Sectional Study. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2018;6(3):239–44.
Ellis R, Ellis C. Dog and Cat Bites (corrected version). Am Fam Physician [Internet]. 2014;https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0815/p239.html. Available from: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0815/p239.html
Venkatesan M, Dongre A, Ganapathy K. A Community based cross sectional study of dog bites in children in a rural district of Tamil Nadu. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 2017;6(1):109.
Janatolmakan M, Delpak M, Abdi A, Mohamadi S, Andayeshgar B, Khatony A. Epidemiological study on animal bite cases referred to Haji Daii health Center in Kermanshah province, Iran during 2013-2017. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):1–8.
Karimi A, Karimi B, Karimifard A, Taherimotlagh N, Kasraei A, Yandarani M, et al. Epidemiological patterns of animal bites in Abadeh district of central Iran from 2012 to 2018: A cross-sectional study. J Acute Dis. 2019;8(6):265.
Matthias J, Templin M, Jordan MM, Stanek D. Cause, setting and ownership analysis of dog bites in Bay County, Florida from 2009 to 2010. Zoonoses Public Health. 2015;62(1):38–43.
Riabi HRA, Ghorbannia R, Mazlum SB, Atarodi A. A Three-year (2011–2013) Surveillance on Animal Bites and Victims Vaccination in the South of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province, Iran. J Clin diagnostic Res JCDR. 2015;9(12):LC01.
Tarantola A. Four thousand years of concepts relating to rabies in animals and humans, its prevention and its cure. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2017;2(2).
Gholami A, Fayaz A, Farahtaj F. Rabies in Iran: Past, Present and Future. J Med Microbiol Infec Dis [Internet]. 2014;2(1):1–10. Available from: http://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir
Liu Q, Wang X, Liu B, Gong Y, Mkandawire N, Li W, et al. Improper wound treatment and delay of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis of animal bite victims in China: Prevalence and determinants. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(7):1–14.
Sarbazi E, Sarbazi M, Ghaffari-Fam S, Babazadeh T, Heidari S, Aghakarimi K, et al. Factors related to delay in initiating post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies prevention among animal bite victims: a cross-sectional study in Northwest of Iran. Bull Emerg trauma. 2020;8(4):236–42.
Ma S, Jiang M, Wang F, Lu J, Li L, Hesketh T. Left-behind children and risk of unintentional injury in rural china—a cross-sectional survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(3):403.
Blanton JD, Colwell E, Walden CL, Davis LM, Hoang C, Legred JA, et al. Rabies exposures and pre-exposure vaccination practices among individuals with an increased risk of rabies exposure in the United States. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;252(12):1491–502.
Kassiri H, Kassiri A, Lotfi M, Shahkarami B, Hosseini S-S. Animal bite incidence in the County of Shush, Iran. J Acute Dis [Internet]. 2014;3(1):26–30. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-6189(14)60006-8
Penjor K, Tenzin T, Jamtsho RK. Determinants of health seeking behavior of animal bite victims in rabies endemic South Bhutan: A community-based contact-tracing survey. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1–11.
Gebru G, Romha G, Asefa A, Hadush H, Biedemariam M. Risk factors and spatio-temporal patterns of human rabies exposure in northwestern tigray, ethiopia. Ann Glob Heal. 2019;85(1):1–12.
Kustiningsih H, Kurnadi A. Kasus Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies di Kecamatan Nyalindung Kabupaten Sukabumi Tahun 2018. J AgroSainTa. 2019;3(1):35–46.
Samiee-Roudi K, Soltani M. Pattern of animal bites and factors associated with delay in postexposure prophylaxis in bitten people. Chronic Dis J [Internet]. 2018;6(4):171–8. Available from: https://ezp.lib.cam.ac.uk/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20193398386&site=ehost-live&scope=site%0Ahttps://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/showpdf.aspx?PAN=20193398386%0Aht
Byrnes H, Britton A, Bhutia T. Eliminating dog-mediated rabies in Sikkim, India: A 10-year pathway to success for the SARAH program. Front Vet Sci. 2017;4(MAR):1–6.
Benavides JA, Megid J, Campos A, Rocha S, Vigilato MAN, Hampson K. An evaluation of Brazil’s surveillance and prophylaxis of canine rabies between 2008 and 2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(8):1–16.
Published
2022-08-10
How to Cite
Simbong, M., Azis, R., & Juhanto, A. (2022). Kejadian Gigitan Hewan Penular Rabies (GHPR) di Kabupaten Luwu Timur dan Faktor Risikonya. urnal romotif reventif, 5(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v5i1.498
Section
Articles
