The Effect of Menstrual Cycle and Body Mass Index on The Risk of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in Adolescent Females in Tarakan City
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynecological issue among women of reproductive age, affecting ovarian function due to hormonal imbalances. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of menstrual cycles and body mass index (BMI) on the risk of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in adolescent girls in Tarakan City. This research employed a quantitative approach with an observational analytic method and a cross-sectional study design. The sample consisted of 95 adolescent girls from SMA 2 Tarakan and was analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses. The chi-square test revealed a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant relationship between BMI, menstrual cycle, and the risk of PCOS in adolescent girls at SMA 2 Tarakan. Hormonal imbalances in adolescent girls can lead to the development of hirsutism due to increased hyperandrogenism. This condition is often accompanied by menstrual cycle irregularities and increased BMI, characterized by weight gain.
References
Abdolahian, S., Tehrani, F.R., Nahidi, F., Ghodsi, D., Jafari, M., Majd, H.A., 2021. Relationship between body mass index and the clinical predictors of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility 24, 40–47. https://doi.org/10.22038/IJOGI.2021.19388
Abdul-Aziz, A., Nayaf, M.S., Maulood, K.J., 2015. The relationship of body mass index and hirsutism in adult females. Our Dermatology Online 6. https://doi.org/10.7241/OURD.20153.74
Barber, T.M., Hanson, P., Weickert, M.O., Franks, S., 2019. Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for Pathogenesis and Novel Management Strategies. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health 13, 1179558119874042. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179558119874042
Barbosa G, C. de S.L.R.D.A.A., 2016. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Fertility. Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Open J Endocr Metab Dis 6, 58–65.
Elliott, J., Liu, K., Motan, T., 2023. Directive clinique n° 444: Hirsutisme: Évaluation et traitement. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOGC.2023.102273/ASSET/3700ADD6-8161-4C59-80F4-DDDAEFB848B1/MAIN.ASSETS/GR7.SML
Escobar-Morreale, H.F., 2018. Polycystic ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 2018 14:5 14, 270–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2018.24
Hafsi, W., Kaur, J., 2023. Hirsutism. StatPearls.
Jabeen, A., Yamini, V., Amberina, A.R., Eshwar, M.D., Vadakedath, S., Begum, G.S., Kandi, V., 2022. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Prevalence, Predisposing Factors, and Awareness Among Adolescent and Young Girls of South India. Cureus 14, e27943. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.27943
Joshi, H., Dipali Taneja, Sandeep Taneja, 2023. Awareness of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.33545/GYNAE.2023.V7.I5A.1377
López-Alarcón, M., Vital-Reyes, V.S., Almeida-Gutiérrez, E., Maldonado-Hernández, J., Flores-Chávez, S., Domínguez-Salgado, J.M., Vite-Bautista, J., Cruz-Martínez, D., Barradas-Vázquez, A.S., Z’Cruz-López, R., 2023. Obesity and Hyperandrogenemia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical Implications. J Pers Med 13, 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/JPM13091319/S1
Lumezi, B.G., Berisha, V.L., 2020. Investigation of body mass index, insulin resistance and diabetes in patients with hirsutism. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 38, 1006–1010. https://doi.org/10.5114/ADA.2020.98132
Magouri, O., Bouichrat, N., Zerrouki, D., Rouf, S., Latrech, H., 2023. Profil clinique et paraclinique des patientes suivies pour hirsutisme idiopathique : à propos de 30 cas. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 84, 690. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANDO.2023.07.530
Mohapatra, I., Samantaray, S.R., 2024. BMI and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Demographic Trends in Weight and Health. Cureus 16, e55439. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.55439
Mshachal, M.A.H., Ghfil, Z.A.H.A., Talib, H.M., Alobaidi, A.A.A., 2024. Iraqi Women with Hirsutism, Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics: Retrospective Study. SAR Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 5, 143–147. https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjpm.2024.v05i04.006
N. Manimegalai, J. Anitha, 2024. A Study To Assess The Level Of Knowledge Regarding Pcos Among Higher Secondary School Girls In Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu. GJRA - Global Journal For Research Analysis 13. https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra
Naeini, F.F., Najafian, J., Jazebi, N., 2012. Hirsutism and body mass index in a representative sample of Iranian people. ARYA Atheroscler 8, 43.
Noviyanti, N.I., Gusriani, Ruqaiyah, Mappaware, N.A., Ahmad, M., 2021. The effect of estrogen hormone on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurrences in teenage girls at Pesantren Darul Arqam Makassar. Gac Sanit 35, S571–S575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.103
Pinola, P., 2016. Hyperandrogenism, Menstrual Irregularities And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Acta Univ. Oul. D 1380, Finland.
Ranjana S. R., Sreelekshmy B. S, Bincy Babu, 2024. Study of knowledge, attitude and practice about polycystic ovarian syndrome among PCOS patients. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 13, 2723–2729. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.IJRCOG20242802
Rasquin, L.I., Anastasopoulou, C., Mayrin, J. V., 2022. Polycystic Ovarian Disease. Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics 1528–1528. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_13178
Rusly, D.K., Rahmayanti, Y., fazira, ulaiya, 2022. Hubungan siklus menatruasi dengan faktor hirsutisme dan pcos pada mahaiswi program studi pendidikan dokter fakultas kedokteran universitas abulyatama. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 9, 752. https://doi.org/10.33024/JIKK.V9I2.5453
Saftarina, F., Nur, I., Putri, W., 2016. Pengaruh Sindrom Polikistik Ovarium terhadap Peningkatan Faktor Risiko Infertilitas.
Santoso B dan Irawan, 2007. Prevalensi Sindoma Ovarium Polikistik Wanita Usia Reproduksi di Surabaya. Surabaya .
Sliman, C.B.H., Ben, A.N., Mahjoub, F., Olfa, B., Ali, K. Ben, Ben, O.R., Mizouri, R., Amel, G., Awatef, K., Henda, J., 2023. Prevalence of hirsutism in obese Tunisian women. Endocrine Abstracts 90. https://doi.org/10.1530/ENDOABS.90.EP520
Sumapraja K, P.N., 2011. Profile of Policystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta March 2009. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 31.
Tayebi, N., Yazdanpanahi, Z., Yektatalab, S., Pourahmad, S., Akbarzadeh, M., 2018. The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Menstrual Disorders at Different Ages of Menarche and Sex Hormones. J Natl Med Assoc 110, 440–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2017.10.007
Villarroel, C., López, P., Merino, P.M., Iñiguez, G., Sir-Petermann, T., Codner, E., 2015. Hirsutism and oligomenorrhea are appropriate screening criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Gynecological Endocrinology 31, 625–629. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2015.1025380
Willis, S.K., Mathew, H.M., Wise, L.A., Hatch, E.E., Wesselink, A.K., Rothman, K.J., Mahalingaiah, S., 2020. Menstrual patterns and self-reported hirsutism as assessed via the modified Ferriman-Gallwey Scale: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 248, 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOGRB.2020.03.012
World Health Organization (WHO), 2023. Polycystic ovary syndrome [WWW Document]. URL https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/polycystic-ovary-syndrome (accessed 1.16.25).
Abdul-Aziz, A., Nayaf, M.S., Maulood, K.J., 2015. The relationship of body mass index and hirsutism in adult females. Our Dermatology Online 6. https://doi.org/10.7241/OURD.20153.74
Barber, T.M., Hanson, P., Weickert, M.O., Franks, S., 2019. Obesity and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Implications for Pathogenesis and Novel Management Strategies. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health 13, 1179558119874042. https://doi.org/10.1177/1179558119874042
Barbosa G, C. de S.L.R.D.A.A., 2016. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Fertility. Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases. Open J Endocr Metab Dis 6, 58–65.
Elliott, J., Liu, K., Motan, T., 2023. Directive clinique n° 444: Hirsutisme: Évaluation et traitement. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOGC.2023.102273/ASSET/3700ADD6-8161-4C59-80F4-DDDAEFB848B1/MAIN.ASSETS/GR7.SML
Escobar-Morreale, H.F., 2018. Polycystic ovary syndrome: definition, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment. Nature Reviews Endocrinology 2018 14:5 14, 270–284. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2018.24
Hafsi, W., Kaur, J., 2023. Hirsutism. StatPearls.
Jabeen, A., Yamini, V., Amberina, A.R., Eshwar, M.D., Vadakedath, S., Begum, G.S., Kandi, V., 2022. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Prevalence, Predisposing Factors, and Awareness Among Adolescent and Young Girls of South India. Cureus 14, e27943. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.27943
Joshi, H., Dipali Taneja, Sandeep Taneja, 2023. Awareness of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology 7, 33–40. https://doi.org/10.33545/GYNAE.2023.V7.I5A.1377
López-Alarcón, M., Vital-Reyes, V.S., Almeida-Gutiérrez, E., Maldonado-Hernández, J., Flores-Chávez, S., Domínguez-Salgado, J.M., Vite-Bautista, J., Cruz-Martínez, D., Barradas-Vázquez, A.S., Z’Cruz-López, R., 2023. Obesity and Hyperandrogenemia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Clinical Implications. J Pers Med 13, 1319. https://doi.org/10.3390/JPM13091319/S1
Lumezi, B.G., Berisha, V.L., 2020. Investigation of body mass index, insulin resistance and diabetes in patients with hirsutism. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 38, 1006–1010. https://doi.org/10.5114/ADA.2020.98132
Magouri, O., Bouichrat, N., Zerrouki, D., Rouf, S., Latrech, H., 2023. Profil clinique et paraclinique des patientes suivies pour hirsutisme idiopathique : à propos de 30 cas. Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 84, 690. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANDO.2023.07.530
Mohapatra, I., Samantaray, S.R., 2024. BMI and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Demographic Trends in Weight and Health. Cureus 16, e55439. https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.55439
Mshachal, M.A.H., Ghfil, Z.A.H.A., Talib, H.M., Alobaidi, A.A.A., 2024. Iraqi Women with Hirsutism, Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics: Retrospective Study. SAR Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 5, 143–147. https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjpm.2024.v05i04.006
N. Manimegalai, J. Anitha, 2024. A Study To Assess The Level Of Knowledge Regarding Pcos Among Higher Secondary School Girls In Dharmapuri, Tamilnadu. GJRA - Global Journal For Research Analysis 13. https://doi.org/10.36106/gjra
Naeini, F.F., Najafian, J., Jazebi, N., 2012. Hirsutism and body mass index in a representative sample of Iranian people. ARYA Atheroscler 8, 43.
Noviyanti, N.I., Gusriani, Ruqaiyah, Mappaware, N.A., Ahmad, M., 2021. The effect of estrogen hormone on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) occurrences in teenage girls at Pesantren Darul Arqam Makassar. Gac Sanit 35, S571–S575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.103
Pinola, P., 2016. Hyperandrogenism, Menstrual Irregularities And Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Acta Univ. Oul. D 1380, Finland.
Ranjana S. R., Sreelekshmy B. S, Bincy Babu, 2024. Study of knowledge, attitude and practice about polycystic ovarian syndrome among PCOS patients. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 13, 2723–2729. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.IJRCOG20242802
Rasquin, L.I., Anastasopoulou, C., Mayrin, J. V., 2022. Polycystic Ovarian Disease. Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics and Informatics 1528–1528. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6754-9_13178
Rusly, D.K., Rahmayanti, Y., fazira, ulaiya, 2022. Hubungan siklus menatruasi dengan faktor hirsutisme dan pcos pada mahaiswi program studi pendidikan dokter fakultas kedokteran universitas abulyatama. Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 9, 752. https://doi.org/10.33024/JIKK.V9I2.5453
Saftarina, F., Nur, I., Putri, W., 2016. Pengaruh Sindrom Polikistik Ovarium terhadap Peningkatan Faktor Risiko Infertilitas.
Santoso B dan Irawan, 2007. Prevalensi Sindoma Ovarium Polikistik Wanita Usia Reproduksi di Surabaya. Surabaya .
Sliman, C.B.H., Ben, A.N., Mahjoub, F., Olfa, B., Ali, K. Ben, Ben, O.R., Mizouri, R., Amel, G., Awatef, K., Henda, J., 2023. Prevalence of hirsutism in obese Tunisian women. Endocrine Abstracts 90. https://doi.org/10.1530/ENDOABS.90.EP520
Sumapraja K, P.N., 2011. Profile of Policystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital Jakarta March 2009. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 31.
Tayebi, N., Yazdanpanahi, Z., Yektatalab, S., Pourahmad, S., Akbarzadeh, M., 2018. The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Menstrual Disorders at Different Ages of Menarche and Sex Hormones. J Natl Med Assoc 110, 440–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnma.2017.10.007
Villarroel, C., López, P., Merino, P.M., Iñiguez, G., Sir-Petermann, T., Codner, E., 2015. Hirsutism and oligomenorrhea are appropriate screening criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Gynecological Endocrinology 31, 625–629. https://doi.org/10.3109/09513590.2015.1025380
Willis, S.K., Mathew, H.M., Wise, L.A., Hatch, E.E., Wesselink, A.K., Rothman, K.J., Mahalingaiah, S., 2020. Menstrual patterns and self-reported hirsutism as assessed via the modified Ferriman-Gallwey Scale: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 248, 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EJOGRB.2020.03.012
World Health Organization (WHO), 2023. Polycystic ovary syndrome [WWW Document]. URL https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/polycystic-ovary-syndrome (accessed 1.16.25).
Published
2024-09-30
How to Cite
Noviyanti, N., Johan, R., & Ruqaiyah, R. (2024). The Effect of Menstrual Cycle and Body Mass Index on The Risk of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) in Adolescent Females in Tarakan City. ancasakti ournal f ublic ealth cience nd esearch, 4(3), 89-96. https://doi.org/10.47650/pjphsr.v4i3.1727
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2024 Nur Indah Noviyanti, Reza bintangdari Johan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
