Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections among Adults Attending Biak Kota Health Center, Papua: A Case–Control Study
Keywords:
Sexually transmitted infections, education, knowledge, peer support, alcohol
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major global health concern, with significant impacts in Indonesia and Papua. This study aimed to identify protective and risk factors associated with STIs in Biak Numfor. A quantitative case–control design was conducted involving 80 adults attending Biak Kota Health Center, Papua (40 cases and 40 controls). Cases were defined based on physician-confirmed STI diagnoses in medical records, while controls were adults visiting the same facility for non-STI conditions and confirmed free of STIs. Data were collected using validated questionnaires on education, knowledge, media exposure, peer support, and alcohol consumption. Logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Higher education (AOR = 0.006; 95% CI: 0.000–0.320; p = 0.015), media exposure (AOR = 0.001; 95% CI: 0.000–0.120; p = 0.015), and peer support (AOR = 0.008; 95% CI: 0.000–0.450; p = 0.025) were associated with lower odds of STIs. Alcohol consumption before sexual intercourse was associated with higher odds (AOR = 44.6; 95% CI: 1.6–1230; p = 0.026). Knowledge showed a non-significant association (p = 0.057). In conclusion, Education, media exposure, and peer support were associated with lower odds of STIs, while alcohol consumption was associated with higher odds. Integrated interventions are recommended to reduce STI prevalence in Papua.
References
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Dana, N. R., & Yulia, D. I. (2025). Self-Efficacy Mediates the Relationship Between Sexual Education and Prevention of Sexually-Transmitted Diseases Awareness Among Secondary School Students in Padang City, Indonesia. PubMed, 19(1), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.21010/ajidv19i1.7
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Kaggwa, M. M., Muwanguzi, M., Najjuka, S. M., Nduhuura, E., Kajjimu, J., Mamun, M. A., Arinaitwe, I., Ashaba, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2022). Risky sexual behaviours among Ugandan university students: A pilot study exploring the role of adverse childhood experiences, substance use history, and family environment. PLoS ONE, 17(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277129
Khatimah, H., Astuti, I. A., Puspita, E., & Fitria, D. (2025). Sexual Education Interventions in Schools: A Key to Preventing STIS/HIV. International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Health, 11(1), 29–31. https://doi.org/10.55640/ijmsdh-11-01-04
Lestari, P. P., & Aulia, F. (2023). Increasing the Knowledge of Women of Reproductive Age about Prevention Behavior of Sexually Transmitted Infections by Providing Education. OMNICODE Journal (Omnicompetence Community Developement Journal), 2(2), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.55756/omnicode.v2i2.137
Llamosas‐Falcón, L., Hasan, O. S. M., Shuper, P. A., & Rehm, J. (2023). Alcohol use as a risk factor for sexually transmitted infections: A systematic review and conclusions for prevention. The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 11(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.381
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Manwong, M., Thongnopakun, S., Rodjarkpai, Y., Wattanaburanon, A., & Visanuyothin, S. (2022). Sexual health literacy and preventive behaviors among middle-school students in a rural area during the COVID-19 situation: A mixed methods study. Health Promotion Perspectives, 12(2), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2022.22
Massa, K., & Ali, S. (2023). Pengetahuan Remaja dan Peran Teman Sebaya dengan Pencegahan Infeksi Menular Seksual. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Research, 4(2), 252–257. https://doi.org/10.47065/jharma.v4i2.3530
Mcharo, R., Kisinda, A., Njovu, L., Mcharo, M., Mbwilo, F., Mihale, G., Komba, B., Andrew, E., Mayaud, P., Kroidl, A., Ivanova, O., & Msuya, S. E. (2022). Prevalence of and risk factors associated with HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus-type 2, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among 18–24 year old students attending Higher Learning Institutions in Mbeya-Tanzania. PLoS ONE, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266596
Mohanty, S., Mehra, D., Das, S. S., Patel, N., Sethi, G., Garg, R., Gupta, A., Chauhan, A., & Mehra, S. (2026). Sexual activity among school-going adolescents in Himachal Pradesh, India: what are the risky and protective factors? Discover Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-026-02296-0
Mohnchimbare, C. M., Fankep, A. B. D., & Kamga, H. L. F. (2025). Risk Factors Influencing Unintended Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Adolescents and Young Adults in Douala IV Municipality. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 13(11), 186–194. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2025.1311011
Namuwonge, F., Kizito, S., Ssentumbwe, V., Kabarambi, A., Magorokosho, N., Nabunya, P., Namuli, F., Namirembe, R., & Ssewamala, F. M. (2023). Peer Pressure and Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Adolescent Girls in a Region Impacted by HIV/AIDS in Southwestern Uganda. Journal of Adolescent Health, 74(1), 130–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.006
Neves, M. G., Maldonado, B. V. M., Golin, G., Mansano, I. D., Avanzi, I. F., Simões, L., Vicco, A. L. F., Emiliano, M. de F. C., Ribeiro, J. D., & Júdice, W. A. de S. (2025). Sexually transmitted infections among young adults: an analysis of risk behaviors and preventive practices. Contribuciones a Las Ciencias Sociales, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.55905/revconv.18n.2-134
Ofori, R., Boampong, M. S., Arthur, A. N., Sekyi, D., & Appiah, S. C. Y. (2025). Awareness and predictors of knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases among early adolescents in koforidua, ghana: a mixed-methods study. Reproductive Health, 22(1), 184. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-025-02070-6
Patel, P. K., Singh, T. B., & Singh, S. K. (2023). Awareness, Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and Factors Associated with Risky Sexual Behaviour among STI Patients. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 13(10), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20231001
Paul, S., Sharma, A. J., Dayal, R., Mehta, M., Maitra, S., Seth, K., Nagrath, M., Ramesh, S., & Saggurti, N. (2024). Vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among adolescent girls and young women in India: A rapid review. PLoS ONE, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298038
Prinitha, S., & Jose, T. (2025). Internet exposure and knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents in India: exploring the mediating role of self-efficacy using UDAYA data. Frontiers in Communication, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2025.1648383
Ramírez-Villalobos, D., Monterubio-Flores, E. A., González-Vázquez, T., Rodriguez, J., Ruelas-González, Ma. G., & Alcalde‐Rabanal, J. E. (2021). Delaying sexual onset: outcome of a comprehensive sexuality education initiative for adolescents in public schools. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1439. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11388-2
Roșioară, A.-I., Năsui, B. A., Ciuciuc, N., Sîrbu, D., Curşeu, D., Oprica, R. F., Popescu, C. A., Ungur, R. A., Cheșcheș, T., & Popa, M. (2025). Beyond Vaccination: Exploring Young Adults’ Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Related to Sexually Transmitted Infections in Romania. Vaccines, 13(3), 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13030322
Sari, N. Y., Herlina, H., Guna, S. D., & Rustam, M. (2025). Efektivitas supportif grup edukasi norma seksual dalam mengatasi perilaku berisiko remaja penyebab infeksi menular seksual (IMS). Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan, 19(10), 3013–3020. https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v19i10.1749
SEZAK, N., & Baser, A. (2026). A Peer-Supported Learning Model Led by Medical Students to Enhance University Students’ Knowledge and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 16(2), 116–121. https://doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1882320
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Published
2026-09-30
How to Cite
Aswar, S., & Istyanto, F. (2026). Factors Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections among Adults Attending Biak Kota Health Center, Papua: A Case–Control Study. ancasakti ournal f ublic ealth cience nd esearch, 6(3), 140-152. https://doi.org/10.47650/pjphsr.v6i3.2840
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Sophian Aswar, Febry Istyanto
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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