Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Household Fire-Hazard Detection Among Housewives in Makassar: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study
Abstract
Household fires remain an important public health concern, particularly in densely populated residential areas. This study aimed to assess housewives’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding early detection of potential household fire hazards and explore factors underlying preventive behavior. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was conducted in Karuwisi Utara, Makassar City, from March-July 2026. The quantitative phase involved 200 housewives selected through probability random sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and Chi-square tests. The qualitative phase included purposively selected housewives with extremely low or high preparedness scores, local community leaders or PKK cadres, and Fire and Rescue Service representatives as key informants. Participants were recruited until data saturation was achieved. Qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo-supported thematic analysis and triangulation. Most respondents had good knowledge (61.5%), while attitudes (69.5%) and practices (73.5%) were predominantly moderate. Educational attainment was significantly associated with knowledge (p < 0.001), as was employment status (p = 0.037), but neither was significantly associated with attitudes or practices. Qualitative findings highlighted personal experience, household routines, perceived risk, limited practical training, and contextual barriers as factors associated with the gap between knowledge and preventive practices. Practical, behavior-oriented, and community-based interventions are needed to strengthen household fire prevention.
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