Pancasakti Journal Of Public Health Science And Research

Effect of Public Broadcast on Public Knowledge of Preconception Folic Acid Towards Birth Defect Prevention in Malaysia

Tan Beng Geok — 2025-09-04

Health promotion is essential for influencing behaviour change to prevent birth defects and achieve the Sustainable Development Goal of reducing neonatal and under-five mortality by 2030. Public broadcasting has the potential to deliver health messages widely, particularly in underserved communities, but evidence from interrupted time series (ITS) studies remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the impact of public broadcast interventions on knowledge of preconception folic acid intake for birth defect prevention in Malaysian using an interrupted time series (ITS) design. This study used an ITS design. Data were collected fortnightly at six time points over 12 weeks from 2,832 adults aged 18–64 years, recruited via convenience sampling. Participants were equally divided between an intervention group in Kelantan (n = 1,416), where targeted radio and television messages were broadcast, and a control group in Terengganu (n = 1,416), which received no intervention. Knowledge was measured using a standardised questionnaire. Segmented regression analysis showed a descriptive increase in mean knowledge scores post-intervention in the intervention group. However, no statistically significant changes were observed in trend (slope change = 0.0006) or level (intercept change (<–0.01) between pre- and post-intervention phases. While statistical significance was not achieved, the findings indicate that public broadcasting is a promising medium for large-scale health promotion, capable of reaching broad audiences and addressing knowledge gaps. These results provide baseline evidence for designing future national-level broadcast interventions, which may require longer exposure periods or intensified messaging to achieve significant and sustained improvements in public health knowledge.

The Effectiveness of Counseling on Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices for Mothers in Makassar City: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Azrida Machmud — 2025-09-04

Breastfeeding is essential for infant health and development, yet its success is influenced by maternal knowledge and counseling support. This study aimed to analyze differences in breastfeeding among mothers who received counseling and those who did not before and after delivery. A quasi-experimental study with a two-group pre-posttest control group design was conducted at Masyita Maternity Hospital and Kassi-Kassi Primary Health Care Center, Makassar City, from September to December 2023. The population was pregnant women present during the study period, with a total sample of 56 respondents selected using purposive sampling, consisting of 28 in the intervention group and 28 in the control group. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed a significant difference in maternal knowledge between the intervention and control groups (p=0.038). However, no significant differences were found in breastfeeding outcomes at the first month (p=0.164) and the second month postpartum (p=0.279). These findings indicate that although counseling improved maternal knowledge, breastfeeding success was achieved in both groups due to their generally good knowledge. Intensive counseling during the third trimester, continued with postnatal support through home visits and information provision up to six months postpartum, is essential to optimize exclusive breastfeeding achievement.

The Relationship Between Coding Knowledge and Genitorinary Diagnosis Coding Accuracy: A Cross-Sectional Study at Drs. H. Amri Tambunan Hospital

Selviani Damayanti Br. Sipayung — 2025-09-04

The accuracy of the genitourinary diagnosis code is considered precise and accurate and in accordance with ICD 10. The inaccuracy of the diagnosis code is influenced by the lack of knowledge of the coder to code specifically in genitourinary cases in medical records. Inaccurate coding impacts the quality of medical record data, financing claims, clinical decision-making in disease coding. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between coder knowledge and the accuracy of genitourinary diagnosis codes. The study design used a cross-sectional analytical approach. The study sample consisted of 35 coders, medical record officers, and polyclinic registration officers using a total sampling technique. The instruments used were a coder knowledge questionnaire and a genitourinary diagnosis code accuracy checklist. Data analysis used a chi-square test. The results of the study obtained high coder knowledge in 18 people (51.4%), and the accuracy of genitourinary diagnosis was correct in 25 people (71.4%). The Chi-square test results showed a p-value of 0.003 (p <0.05). This indicates a significant relationship between coder knowledge and the accuracy of genitourinary diagnosis codes. Hospitals are expected to conduct disease coding training to improve the coding process, which is consistent with claims.

Leadership Styles in Managing Change Among Healthcare Professionals: A Systematic Literature Review

Norizun Mohd Noor — 2025-09-04

Leadership styles critically shape healthcare professionals’ readiness for organizational change, yet the evidence on which styles most effectively reduce resistance remains fragmented. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we used the PICO framework to develop search strategies. Searches (January 2020–March 2024) were conducted in SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, CINAHL, Medline, EMBASE (OVID), and Cochrane, limited to English-language empirical studies. Search terms included leadership, change, and resistance to change. Data were synthesized using content analysis. From 1,263 records, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative synthesis showed 70% supported transformational leadership as most effective, with idealized influence, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation enhancing change readiness. 20% favored democratic/participative leadership for improving communication and shared decision-making. 10% endorsed transactional leadership, effective in structured change requiring clear performance metrics and contingent rewards. Across all studies, leadership style influenced employee attitudes, willingness to change, and resistance levels. Transformational leadership predominates in reducing resistance and fostering readiness, though democratic and transactional approaches may suit specific contexts. Findings highlight the need for adaptive, context-sensitive leadership strategies to optimize change outcomes.

Effectiveness of Educational Videos on Improving Elementary School Children’s Knowledge of Safe Touches: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Risna Damayanti — 2025-09-04

Sexual violence againts children is one of the increasingly alarming issues that is rising every year. One effective effort needed to prevent the problem of sexual violence is to provide sex education from an early age to both children and parents through safe touches program. The purpose of this research is to determine the effectiveness of educational videos in increasing children’s knowledge about the safe touches. This study employs a quantitative research design with a quasi-experimental approach utilizing the pretest-posttest one-group method. The research was conducted in March 2025 at SD Negeri No. 10 Galung, Banggae subdistrict, Majene regency. The sample consisted of 36 respondents selected using a total sampling method. The research results show that before the intervention 29 (80.6%) children had poor knowledge and 7 (19.4%) children had good knowledge, after conducting the Wilcoxon test, the Asymp.sig (2-tailed) value obtained was 0.001, indicating a significant increase in knowledge after providing video-based education to children about safe touches at SD Negeri 10 Galung. The conclusion of this research suggest that the provision of educational videos effectively increases knowledge about safe touches among elementary school children, thereby reducing the risk of sexual violence in the community.

Time Series Forecasting of Ship Departure Health Inspections for Strengthening Quarantine Surveillance Using the ARIMA Model

Yopi Riski Mei Sandra — 2025-09-04

ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) is a time series analysis method used to evaluate data based on temporal patterns. The number of ship departure inspections conducted by the Probolinggo Class I Health Quarantine Center has shown fluctuations over time. These inspections are part of disease prevention efforts as regulated in the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 10 of 2023 concerning the Organization and Work Procedures of the Quarantine Technical Implementation Unit. This study aims to forecast the number of ship departure inspections at the Probolinggo Class I Health Quarantine Center. This research employed a non-reactive design using secondary data from 2020 to 2023, sourced from the Health Quarantine Information System (SINKARKES). The ARIMA (2,0,2) model provided the best fit, with good accuracy (MSE 685,277; MAPE 7.311). Forecasting results show an upward trend in ship departure inspections throughout 2024. This increase is highly relevant for public health, as stronger inspection activity supports quarantine surveillance, helps detect potential disease risks early, and improves preparedness against cross-border health threats.

Prevalence and Risk of Nutritional Problems among Toddlers in Balikpapan, Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study

Tanti Asrianti — 2025-09-12

Nutritional challenges during early childhood remain a pressing global concern that significantly influence a country’s Human Development Index. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk of undernutrition-related health problems among toddlers in Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan Province. Using a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, data were collected from four integrated community health post (Posyandu) located across three sub-districts. The study population comprised toddlers attending Posyandu in West Balikpapan, Central Balikpapan, and South Balikpapan. A purposive sampling technique was applied based on predefined criteria, yielding a sample size of 78 toddlers. Findings revealed that from 78 toddlers, 11,5% toddlers were at risk of malnutrition, 20,5% toddlers were at risk of undernutrition, and 2,6% toddlers were at risk of stunting. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted preventive interventions to address undernutrition risks in early childhood and offer valuable evidence to support regional health policy development. Prenatal interventions, including maternal supplementation and antenatal care are crucial. Exclusive breastfeeding remains essential but should be supported by broader strategies addressing complementary feeding and maternal conditions. Longitudinal studies are recommended to establish causal pathways.

Association of Physical Activity, Sleep Quality, and Vegetable and Fruit Consumption with the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study in Biak Numfor, Papua, Indonesia

Febry Istyanto — 2025-09-15

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a major metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood glucose levels, which can result in severe health complications. In Indonesia, DM ranks among the top non-communicable diseases (NCDs), highlighting a significant public health crisis. Specifically, the Biak Numfor District in Papua is experiencing a marked rise in DM cases, threatening community health. Recent studies indicate that lifestyle modifications, dietary practices, and limited healthcare access significantly contribute to the rising urgency of addressing diabetes mellitus (DM) in specific regions. This research seeks to evaluate the risk factors influencing the incidence of DM through a multiple linear regression analysis model. Data was gathered from both diagnosed DM patients and a healthy control group in the Subdistrict of Sumberker, with 35 cases and 35 controls selected from each population. In this study, DM is the dependent variable, while the independent variables include physical activity, sleep quality, and the consumption of vegetables and fruits.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the contributing factors to the incidence of DM in units. The results showed that regular physical activity contributed -0.26 units (P Value < 0.001); poor sleep quality contributed 1.7 units (P Value = 0.039). Meanwhile, regular vegetable consumption contributed -5.335 units (P Value = 0.004), and regular fruit consumption contributed -5.08 units (P Value = 0.002). This study concludes that regular physical activity and vegetable and fruit consumption lower the risk of developing DM, while poor sleep quality increases it.

Forensic Investigation of Sudden Death in Public Places: Implications for Public Health Policy

Muhamad Khoiri — 2025-09-15

Sudden death in public places poses a critical public health challenge with broad societal and policy implications. This review examined the role of forensic investigations in understanding sudden death and their relevance to public health policy. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searching PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and SINTA for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Of 96 identified articles, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Cardiovascular disease—particularly coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias—was the leading cause, mostly in middle-aged men. While conventional autopsy remains the gold standard, molecular autopsy has expanded the ability to detect genetic factors in unexplained deaths. Forensic findings contribute to health strategies such as cardiovascular screening, genetic counseling, and improved emergency response systems. Strengthening forensic capacity and integrating medicolegal data into health surveillance are essential for reducing the burden of sudden death and advancing evidence-based policy.