Analysis of The Influence of Competency, Motivation, and Work Environment on Employee Performance in The Library and Archives Service of the Bontang City Government
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of competence, work motivation, and the work environment on employee performance at the Bontang City Library and Archives Service. The research aims to analyze how these three internal factors interact to shape employee productivity, satisfaction, and commitment in a public sector setting. Employing a quantitative research approach with a causal-explanatory design, the study utilizes a structured questionnaire distributed to employees as respondents. Data were analyzed through statistical techniques, including correlation and regression analysis, to determine both partial and simultaneous effects of each variable on performance outcomes. The findings reveal that competence significantly enhances task effectiveness, motivation drives employee engagement and commitment, and a supportive work environment improves satisfaction and overall productivity. Collectively, these factors contribute to strengthening institutional performance and promoting good governance practices in local administration.
References
Adila, N., & Mahendra Putri, L. D. (2024). Digitalisasi Tata Kelola SDM Aparatur di Indonesia. Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik Dan Humaniora, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.53697/iso.v4i2.2125
Afrijal, A., Helmi, H., Latif, I. R., & Usman, B. (2023). Penguatan Etika Pemerintahan sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja Aparatur Pemerintahan. Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik, 8(4), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v8i4.3416
Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., & Saks, A. M. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2(1), 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-08-2014-0042
Andra, A., Surya, I., & Dama, M. (2017). Efektifitas Kinerja Aparatur Sipil Negara Dalam Pelayanan Publik Di Kantor Kelurahan Sungai Dama Kecamatan Samarinda Ilir Kota Samarinda. EJournal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 6(2), 867–880.
Aruni, M., Amri, A., & Luthfi, L. (2025). ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR EKSTERNAL DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN KINERJA PEGAWAI SERTA DAMPAKNYA PADA KINERJA KANTOR WILAYAH KEMENTERIAN AGAMA PROVINSI ACEH. IndOmera, 6(11), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.55178/idm.v6i11.511
Ashariana, A. (2024). Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat di Era Digital. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 4(3), 1323–1329. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v4i3.937
Ashraf, M. A. (2019). The mediating role of work atmosphere in the relationship between supervisor cooperation, career growth and job satisfaction. Journal of Workplace Learning, 31(2), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-12-2017-0113
Asiaei, K., & Jusoh, R. (2015). A multidimensional view of intellectual capital: the impact on organizational performance. Management Decision, 53(3), 668–697. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-05-2014-0300
Aulia, S., & Maksum, I. R. (2022). Reformasi Kelembagaan Unit Pengawas Internal: Mengatasi Desentralisasi Korupsi. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik, 008(01), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jiap.2022.008.01.1
Bah, M. O. P., Sun, Z., Hange, U., & Edjoukou, A. J. R. (2024). Effectiveness of Organizational Change through Employee Involvement: Evidence from Telecommunications and Refinery Companies. Sustainability, 16(6), 2524. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16062524
BANDURA, A. (2023). Cultivate Self‐Efficacy for Personal and Organizational Effectiveness. In Principles of Organizational Behavior (pp. 113–135). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394320769.ch6
Bhati, D., Deogade, M. S., & Kanyal, D. (2023). Improving Patient Outcomes Through Effective Hospital Administration: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.47731
Brar, J., Chowdhury, N., Raihan, M. M. H., Khalid, A., O’Brien, M. G., Walsh, C. A., & Turin, T. C. (2023). The Benefits, Challenges, and Strategies toward Establishing a Community-Engaged Knowledge Hub: An Integrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021160
Creswell, J. W. . (2017). Research design : qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications.
Damaiyanto, D., Kusuma, A. R., & ... (2015). Profesionalisme Aparatur Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pelayanan Publik Di Kantor Kelurahan Simpang Raya Kecamatan Barong Tongkok Kabupaten Kutai …. Dalam Jurnal …, 3(1), 24–36. https://ar.fisip-unmul.ac.id/site/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/01_format_artikel_ejournal_mulai_hlm_ganjil (03-04-15-05-26-06).pdf
Daniel, C. O. (2019). Effects of job stress on employee’s performance. International Journal of Business Management and Social Research, 6(2), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.18801/ijbmsr.060219.40
Dinov, I. D. (2016). Methodological challenges and analytic opportunities for modeling and interpreting Big Healthcare Data. GigaScience, 5(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13742-016-0117-6
Donley, J. (2021). The Impact of Work Environment on Job Satisfaction. Nurse Leader, 19(6), 585–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mnl.2021.08.009
Dzaky Satria, Ihsan Hutama Kusasih, & Gusmaneli Gusmaneli. (2025). Analisis Rendahnya Kualitas Pendidikan di Indonesia Saat Ini : Suatu Kajian Literatur. Jurnal Bintang Pendidikan Indonesia, 3(2), 292–309. https://doi.org/10.55606/jubpi.v3i2.3838
Esser, F., & Vliegenthart, R. (2017). Comparative Research Methods. In The International Encyclopedia of Communication Research Methods (pp. 1–22). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118901731.iecrm0035
Fredrick, O. A., & Veronica, O. A. (2015). The librarys role in developing information literacy and societal growth. International Journal of Library and Information Science, 7(7), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJLIS2015.0582
Frimpong, V. (2025). Technically Competent but Interpersonally Deficient: The Organizational Risks Linked to Skilled Professionals’ Social Shortcomings. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5151012
Geue, P. E. (2018). Positive Practices in the Workplace: Impact on Team Climate, Work Engagement, and Task Performance. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 54(3), 272–301. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886318773459
Graafland, J., & Bovenberg, L. (2020). Government regulation, business leaders’ motivations and environmental performance of SMEs. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 63(8), 1335–1355. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1663159
Grimmelikhuijsen, S. G., & Feeney, M. K. (2017). Developing and Testing an Integrative Framework for Open Government Adoption in Local Governments. Public Administration Review, 77(4), 579–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12689
Haque, F., & Ntim, C. G. (2018). Environmental Policy, Sustainable Development, Governance Mechanisms and Environmental Performance. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(3), 415–435. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2007
Harahap, A. F. R., & Harahap, A. M. (2023). Peran digitalisasi dalam meningkatkan partisipasi publik pada pengambilan keputusan tata negara. Jurnal EDUCATIO: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 9(2), 769. https://doi.org/10.29210/1202323208
Hariyanti, A., & Rahayu, T. P. (2024). Implementation of Good Governance in Improving Public Service Performance at BNNP Central Borneo. Journal of Public Administration Science: Policy Dynamics Public Services and Bureaucracy Transformation, 1(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.70074/jaspdt.v1i1.2
He, Z., Huang, H., Choi, H., & Bilgihan, A. (2023). Building organizational resilience with digital transformation. Journal of Service Management, 34(1), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-06-2021-0216
Hildawati. (2024). Buku Ajar Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif & Aplikasi Pengolahan Analisa. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=_eL8EAAAQBAJ
Ismunandar, A. (2025). Strategi Peningkatan Kemampuan Sumber Daya Manusia di Era Digital: Tantangan dan Adaptasi pada Lembaga Pendidikan. BISMA : Business and Management Journal, 3(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.59966/bisma.v3i1.1644
Khotami, M. (2017). The Concept Of Accountability In Good Governance. Proceedings of the International Conference on Democracy, Accountability and Governance (ICODAG 2017). https://doi.org/10.2991/icodag-17.2017.6
Kim, W. G., Li, J. (Justin), & Brymer, R. A. (2016). The impact of social media reviews on restaurant performance: The moderating role of excellence certificate. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 55, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.03.001
Kosec, K., & Wantchekon, L. (2020). Can information improve rural governance and service delivery? World Development, 125, 104376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2018.07.017
Leal Filho, W., Vargas, V. R., Salvia, A. L., Brandli, L. L., Pallant, E., Klavins, M., Ray, S., Moggi, S., Maruna, M., Conticelli, E., Ayanore, M. A., Radovic, V., Gupta, B., Sen, S., Paço, A., Michalopoulou, E., Saikim, F. H., Koh, H. L., Frankenberger, F., … Vaccari, M. (2019). The role of higher education institutions in sustainability initiatives at the local level. Journal of Cleaner Production, 233, 1004–1015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.059
Mansour, M. H. (2020). The relationship between human resources management practices and job engagement: The mediating role of psychological capital. Management Science Letters, 3047–3056. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.5.019
Miraglia, M., & Johns, G. (2021). The Social and Relational Dynamics of Absenteeism From Work: A Multilevel Review and Integration. Academy of Management Annals, 15(1), 37–67. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2019.0036
Mulang, H. (2021). The Effect of Competences, Work Motivation, Learning Environment on Human Resource Performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 1(2), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v1i2.52
Munyon, T. P., Summers, J. K., Thompson, K. M., & Ferris, G. R. (2015). Political Skill and Work Outcomes: A Theoretical Extension, Meta‐Analytic Investigation, and Agenda for the Future. Personnel Psychology, 68(1), 143–184. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12066
Mustafa, B., & Lleshi, S. (2024). The impact of lifelong learning and investments in employee development on employee productivity and performance. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 7(8), 2024175. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2024175
Niesten, E., Jolink, A., Lopes de Sousa Jabbour, A. B., Chappin, M., & Lozano, R. (2017). Sustainable collaboration: The impact of governance and institutions on sustainable performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 155, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.085
Nurhayati, N., Telaumbanua, N., Hati Daeli, L. J., Agustin, D., Khairunisa, S. S., Aulia, J., & Syifaurridha, N. (2025). Masalah Kebijakan Kesehatan. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 5(4), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v5i4.20143
Nyaupane, G. P., Prayag, G., Godwyll, J., & White, D. (2021). Toward a resilient organization: analysis of employee skills and organization adaptive traits. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(4), 658–677. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1822368
Onyebuchi Uchendu, Kingsley Onyedikachi Omomo, & Andrew Emuobosa Esiri. (2024). Conceptual framework for data-driven reservoir characterization: Integrating machine learning in petrophysical analysis. Comprehensive Research and Reviews in Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(2), 001–013. https://doi.org/10.57219/crrms.2024.2.2.0041
Pakurár, M., Haddad, H., Nagy, J., Popp, J., & Oláh, J. (2019). The Service Quality Dimensions that Affect Customer Satisfaction in the Jordanian Banking Sector. Sustainability, 11(4), 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041113
Panagiotopoulos, P., Klievink, B., & Cordella, A. (2019). Public value creation in digital government. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101421
Pattnaik, S., & Pattnaik, S. (2020). Exploring employee performance dimensionality in Indian public sector units. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 70(3), 657–674. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-08-2019-0374
Pawłowska, E., & Ihimbazwe Ndanguza, A. P. (2025). Contemporary competences of managers and their role in building organizational resilience. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series, 2025(218), 537–556. https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2025.218.30
Petitta, L., & Ghezzi, V. (2023). Remote, Disconnected, or Detached? Examining the Effects of Psychological Disconnectedness and Cynicism on Employee Performance, Wellbeing, and Work–Family Interface. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(13), 6318. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20136318
Porter, T. H., Riesenmy, K. D., & Fields, D. (2016). Work environment and employee motivation to lead. American Journal of Business, 31(2), 66–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJB-05-2015-0017
Radu, C. (2023). Fostering a Positive Workplace Culture: Impacts on Performance and Agility. In Human Resource Management - An Update. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1003259
Randa, F., & Tangke, P. (2015). Developing Accountability Model of Local Government Organization: From Managerial Accountability to Public Accountability (Naturalistic Study on Local Government Tana Toraja). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 665–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.099
Raziq, A., & Maulabakhsh, R. (2015). Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction. Procedia Economics and Finance, 23, 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00524-9
Rofik Fauzan. (2024). Menuju Aparatur Sipil Negara ASN Bertaraf Intenasional. Public Service and Governance Journal, 5(1), 178–197. https://doi.org/10.56444/psgj.v5i1.1348
Taufik, T. (2021). Reformasi Birokrasi Belajar Dari Upaya Reformasi Sumber Daya Manusia Aparatur Di Indonesia. Jurnal Transformasi Administrasi, 10(02), 117–130. https://doi.org/10.56196/jta.v10i02.167
Trenerry, B., Chng, S., Wang, Y., Suhaila, Z. S., Lim, S. S., Lu, H. Y., & Oh, P. H. (2021). Preparing Workplaces for Digital Transformation: An Integrative Review and Framework of Multi-Level Factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.620766
Utomo, M. N. (2025). Eksplorasi Peran Pengembangan Kapasitas SDM sebagai Moderator dalam Hubungan Keterampilan, Kompetensi, dan Profesionalisme terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Publik. FORUM EKONOMI: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 27(2), 329–339.
Virtudes, A. (2016). ‘Good’ Governance Principles in Spatial Planning at Local Scale. Procedia Engineering, 161, 1710–1714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.650
Yertas, M. (2024). The Role of Training and Continuous Development in Improving Employee Productivity and its Impact on Company Financial Performance. Atestasi : Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 7(2), 1362–1379. https://doi.org/10.57178/atestasi.v7i2.1047
Yolanda, P., Widiana, H. S., & Sari, E. Y. D. (2022). Kinerja Karyawan: Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi. Jurnal Diversita, 8(2), 148–157. https://doi.org/10.31289/diversita.v8i2.5788
Yuana, I., Sabilalo, M. A., Fauzih, F., & Halim, A. I. M. (2025). Leadership, Governance, and Organizational Environment as Determinants of Employee Motivation and Performance in a Public Sector Institution. Society, 13(1), 520–537. https://doi.org/10.33019/society.v13i1.820
Zaeni, N., Maryadi, M., Salim, M., & Kitta, S. (2024). The Relationship Between Employee Motivation, Creativity and Performance. Paradoks : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 7(4), 466–480. https://doi.org/10.57178/paradoks.v7i4.991
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Governance and Local Politics (JGLP)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
